Understanding the Meaning of the French Verb Chercher

Understanding the Meaning of the French Verb Chercher Chercher is a customary - ER action word and intends to search for. Chercher is generally utilized like its English partner, yet there are a couple of viewpoints that make it somewhat dubious. This exercise discloses which action word state of mind to use with chercher, the importance of chercher followed by an infinitive, and a couple of basic articulations with chercher. Which means Chercher intends to look/scan for when its followed by a thing. The significance of for is incorporated with the action word itself, so it ought to never followed by the relational word pour.Que cherches-tu ?What are you looking for?Je cherche mes clà ©sIm searching for my keysIl cherche une nouvelle voitureHes searching for another vehicle Chercher and a Verb When chercher is trailed by an action word, it intends to attempt or to endeavor and should be trailed by the relational word :Je cherche comprendre la situationIm attempting to comprehend the situationQuest-ce que tu cherches faire ?What would you say you are attempting to do? Chercher and Verb Moods Chercher is a fairly surprising action word, in that it tends to be trailed by any of three action word mind-sets, with an unobtrusive contrast in importance between every one. This happens in the development chercher inconclusive pronoun action word: Chercher and IndicativeIn this development, you realize that the individual or thing exists and youre attempting to discover him/it:Je cherche quelquun qui peut maiderIm searching for somebody who can help meJe cherche lhomme qui connaã ®t mes parentsIm searching for the man who knows my parentsJe cherche quelque picked qui peut le faireIm searching for something that can do itJe cherche une maison verte qui est en focus villeIm searching for a green house downtown (it has a place with my brother)Chercher and subjunctiveThe subjunctive shows in French either that youre not certain the individual or thing exists, or that youre not certain youll have the option to discover him/it. Tragically, this differentiation doesn't exist in English, except if you include some extra words:Je cherche quelquun qui puisse maiderIm searching for somebody who can (may have the option to) help meJe cherche un homme qui connaisse mes parentsIm searching for a man who knows (may know) my parentsJe cherch e quelque picked qui puisse le faireIm searching for something that can (may have the option to) do itJe cherche une maison verte qui soit en focus villeIm searching for a green house downtown (that could possibly exist)Chercher and ConditionalWith the restrictive, you communicating trust about presence of the individual or thing and your fantasy about discovering him/it.Je cherche quelquun qui pourrait maiderIm searching for somebody who can help meJe cherche un homme qui connaã ®trait mes parentsIm searching for a man who may know my folks (I trust there is someone)Je cherche quelque picked qui pourrait le faireIm searching for something that can do itJe cherche une maison verte qui serait en focus villeIm searching for a green house downtown (I truly need to purchase a house that way) Articulations With Chercher Aller chercher, to bring, to go and getChercher midi 14 heures, to confound the issueChercher la unimposing bã ªte, to dwell on silly trifles Conjugations Present tense:je cherchetuâ cherchesil cherchenousâ cherchonsvousâ cherchezilsâ cherchent

HACCP Implementation In Hotel Restaurant

HACCP Implementation In Hotel Restaurant The creator has chosen this subject as a result of his enthusiasm for a future profession in food and refreshment industry. Section A has demonstrated that he has great administration and group building aptitudes to turn into a pioneer in this documented. He feels that it is basic to have great comprehension of sanitation in the event that he might want to be a cook after moved on from the college. In Hong Kong, there are extraordinary extent of individuals went out to have their supper. As indicated by Hong Kong place for wellbeing assurance (CHP, 2007) the quantity of individuals eating out in excess of five times each week are 30.2% for breakfast, 51.5% for lunch and 10.8% for supper separately. Having such culture of eating out, sanitation ought to be considered as the main goal in the neighborliness business in Hong Kong, be that as it may, as of late, food contamination is persistently expanding. As per the World Health Organization (WHO, 2007), the worldwide occurrence of food-borne illnesses is hard to appraise, however it has been accounted for that in 2005 alone 1.8 million individuals kicked the bucket from diarrhoeal infections. An extraordinary extent of these cases can be credited to defilement of food and drinking water. In industrialized nations, the level of the populace experiencing food-borne illnesses every year has been accounted for to be up to 30%. What's more, tainted food could result from inappropriate food dealing with, arrangement, or food stockpiling. Despite the fact that HACCP is a universally perceived sanitation the board framework, there are incredible boundaries to execute such framework in the friendliness business Scholarly destinations of venture This paper plans to accomplish the accompanying targets: 1. To increase comprehension of HACCP and its execution in Hospitality industry. 2. To analyze current scholarly writing on the sanitation issues. 3. To recognize the obstructions of actualizing HACCP framework in Hospitality industry. 4. To recognize the approaches to reinforcing the sanitation culture inside the Hospitality association as opposed to concentrating on making a superior security framework. Blueprint of segments The writing survey will be separated into four sections. The clench hand part is about the presentation of Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point System (HACCP), including this definition and its execution. The subsequent part is about the boundaries of executing HACCP framework in Hospitality industry for example down to earth and mental boundaries. The third part is about the hierarchical culture which incorporated its definition and association between HACCP execution. The last part is the approaches to reinforcing the sanitation culture. It is on the grounds that having a positive sanitation culture inside the association is increasingly solid that carefully follow the sanitation the board framework, for example, HACCP. Writing Review Presentation As per the World Health Organization (WHO, 2007) Food-borne maladies or Food harming appear to have been expanding all around lately. Food contamination can be extensively characterized as the sickness brought about by the utilization of tainted food or water containing different microorganisms, infections, parasites or even poisons of biochemical or concoction nature. The kinds of nourishments created or served by a business alongside the administration of how they are arranged or delivered are probably going to add to the danger of a business causing food contamination. (Griffith, 2010) Despite the fact that, there are sanitation the executives framework, for example, Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP), the usage of the HACCP framework requires extra assets for staff preparing, ventures on structures and hardware, additional acquisition of provisions, just as specialized help moreover, inside a business various sub societies vie for need and frequently the greatest opponent to sanitation culture is a culture of setting aside cash (Griffith et al., 2010). The drive to reduce expenses to the detriment of sanitation perhaps bogus economy and it ought to be noticed that organizations recognized as a wellspring of food contamination flare-ups can endure huge harm to mark personality, budgetary misfortunes and conceivably, in up to 33% of cases, liquidation (Griffith et al., 2010). What is HACCP? As indicated by an ongoing report (Taylor, 2008)The Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) framework is a science-based deliberate methodology which recognizes basic control focuses in the creation system that are fundamental to screen and control item wellbeing. HACCP is a device to survey perils and build up control frameworks that emphasis on anticipation as opposed to depending on final result testing. The framework can be applied all through the natural way of life from essential creation to definite utilization, including essential makers, food makers, transport and capacity administrators to retail and food administration outlets. The execution of HACCP framework is an indication for conveying safe food items to clients. HACCP is a globally perceived framework and is based on seven key standards: 1. Peril Analysis: Potential natural, synthetic and physical dangers must be assessed for every fixing and at each progression of the assembling procedure. 2. Distinguish Critical Control Points: Those focuses in the process where control can be applied to kill or diminish a recognized peril to a satisfactory level. 3. Set up Critical Limits: Defined as the most extreme or least boundary that must be met to wipe out or decrease the peril to a satisfactory cutoff. 4. Set up Monitoring Requirements: Used to survey whether as far as possible are met and to build up records for confirmation. 5: Establish Corrective Actions: The activities taken to manage a CCP back and the means taken to forestall further sullying of the item just as the means taken to forestall the conveyance of possibly sullied item. 6: Establish Verification Procedures: Verification guarantees the arrangement is successfully actualized and followed. 7: Establish Record Keeping and Documentation Procedures: Includes record maintenance of sorts of records kept, for example, the peril investigation, the HACCP plan, bolster documentation and operational records. By focussing examination at CCPs, HACCP improves the logical reason for wellbeing and control forms. A CCP is any point in the chain of food creation from crude materials to completed item where the loss of control could bring about unsuitable sanitation chance (Pierson and Corlett, 1992). Checking of CCPs is done best by utilizing markers that can be estimated without any problem. This attention on quantifiable markers gives a more practical way to deal with control than item examining and testing, which is increasingly costly and may not give opportune outcomes. This is particularly significant for foodborne microbial pathogens, in light of the fact that their occurrence is low and the expenses of testing are high. It is imperative to perceive that HACCP isn't intended to supplant the executives choices gauging expected advantages from item characteristics against costs, or the estimation of improved security versus the expenses of accomplishing it. HAC CP encourages improved item wellbeing, yet the executives has the caution to figure out what the last item quality will be. These issues go into the organizations consultations in deciding CCPs and resistance limits at CCPs. (The financial) HACCP was initially evolved as a quality control device in food preparing, where marked item obligation makes industry motivating forces for risk control. It was expected to be adaptable enough to adjust to various firms, plants, or procedures inside plants. Its application as an administrative standard to a whole industry or part, or at various stages in the gracefully chain, is essentially extraordinary. (Unnevehr and Jensen 1999), For what reason is HACCP significant? The Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) is a sanitation the executives framework that is as of now advanced universally on the grounds that it empowers food business administrators to control food handling dangers at all focuses along the creation line, as opposed to sitting tight for microbiological testing of the last item (Tuominen et al., 2003). It viewed as the best method to accomplish sanitation is to concentrate on avoidance of potential dangers and to improve the procedure (Swanson and Anderson, 2000;) The HACCP framework likewise depends intensely on confirmation and documentation to guarantee that sanitation has not been undermined during any progression. HACCP in this way gives a structure to surveying dangers. HACCP along these lines gives a structure to evaluating dangers or whatever could turn out badly and setting up the essential controls to limit such dangers. (Stephaniem et al.,2009) The benefit of HACCP based frameworks is that they can be intended to incorporate every unique kind of nourishments, their crude materials (whatever their source) and related dangers. (Griffith, 2010) (Semos and Kontogeorgos, 2007) meant that the execution of the HACCP framework to food preparing can bring about advantages to industry, government and shoppers, advancing, along these lines, a possible improvement of sanitation and anticipation of food contamination. HACCP center around quantifiable pointers gives a more practical way to deal with control than item inspecting and testing, which is progressively costly and may not give opportune outcomes. This is particularly significant for food-borne microbial pathogens, on the grounds that their frequency is low and the expenses of testing are high. Prerequisite of executing the HACCP framework in friendliness industry Before HACCP can be executed, essential projects (PRPs, for example, great clean practices, staff preparing, and reported standard working method ought to be settled. HACCPs viability depends on the information and abilities of both administration and staff. (Taylor, 2008), brought up that the most significant factor driving the usage of HACCP is the work of experienced, in fact qualified people. While adaptability suitable to the business is significant, each of the seven standards must be

Gender and Technology Essay

This exposition will investigate an article called, â€Å"Caring About Connections: Gender and Computing† composed by Jane Margolis, Allan Fisher and Faye Miller. In their article they investigate contrasts in ladies and guys with their utilizations and impact in innovation, and women’s endeavors to seek after an instruction in software engineering and innovation. This paper will have the option to summarize their principle thoughts, fundamentally investigate their convictions, and investigate ladies pressing together fields of study in the innovative working environment and mechanical examinations. Sex Definition The meaning of sexual orientation is certifiably not an extremely simple word to characterize. There are numerous implications and terms that can be described under the two guys and females and blended sexual orientations. Anyway as per word reference. com sexual orientation is the accompanying: â€Å"(in numerous dialects) a setâ of classes that together incorporate all things, participation in a specific class being appeared by the type of the nounâ itself or by the structure or selection of words that alter, supplant, or in any case allude to the thing, as, in English, the decision of he  to supplant the man,  of she  to supplant the lady,  of it  to supplant the table,  of it  or she  to supplant the boat. The quantity of sexual orientations in various dialects shifts from 2 to more than 20; regularly the order associates to a limited extent with sex or animateness. The most recognizable arrangements of sexes are of three classes (as manly, ladylike, and fix in Latin and German) or of two (as normal and fix in Dutch, or manly and female in French and Spanish). â€Å" (Dictionary. com 2012) This meaning of sex is the thing that said to best fit the word anyway I accept this isn't the best way to depict a sexual orientation. Sexual orientation as I would like to think the organic make up and the mix of activities and standards an individual finishes and goes. The natural make up of an individual isn't the best way to delineate what sexual orientation they are related with yet the activities and thoughts they follow can likewise impact them. Individuals can pick which sexual orientation they are related with regardless of whether they seek after a sex not the same as their organic make up. Meaning of Technology is like sexual orientation where there genuinely isn’t one single definition behind the word. This term is additionally moderately new and has was not intensely utilized until World War one and two and after these occasion, the term started to be utilized as much as the word science. (Lecture18, March 27th). Science and innovation are regularly firmly identified with each other in light of the fact that innovation depends on science and the more science that is comprehended, the more innovation can be made and change. With this is mind, advancement is critical to characterizing innovation and how to depict what innovation is. In one our talks, Kevin Kelly depicted innovation as, â€Å"Anything that is concocted after we are conceived. † With this as a top priority, a meaning of innovation can be depicted as any new advancement made that may help or hurt society all in all. Authors’ Main Ideas The Authors of this article investigate various points in the field of software engineering. The thoughts of the creators change from some being the place these people originally got their first enthusiasm into this investigation. The creators additionally talk about the world around software engineering and the people that are separated of this select gathering. At last the creators likewise address the general actuality that the software engineering is a field of study that is intensely connected with male clients and understudies. Understudies who need to seek after this field of study regularly have various reasons and replies as the primary energetic second in the investigation. The various reasons additionally identify with the premise of their sex. For some ladies in this investigation, there motivations to enter this field of study were to utilize the information and data from concentrating to work with another field of study, for example, training or science. Men then again had various clarifications or explanations behind entering the field of software engineering. Numerous men that were met raised a period in which they previously recollected a period in which PCs intrigued them or examined things that are utilized for innovation. Margolis, Fisher and Miller, additionally examine a finding from a contemplating done by an analyst named Brunner. In his examination, he discovered â€Å"The female interpretation of innovation looks directly through the machine to its social capacity, while the manly view is bound to be centered around the machine itself. Thus, when innovation is presented as an end in itself, as in a programming class, for example, young ladies are less inclined to be intrigued than youngsters. (Brunner, 1997). This examination done by Brunner helps show halfway motivation behind why men are bound to show a solid intrigue n innovative investigations and seek after degrees in these fields. On account of this sexual orientation obstruction that ladies will need to defeat in these fields it shows that numerous ladies do confront a harder time in this field due to a view they are bound to see rather then guys. Numerous people that seek after the investigation of innovation regularly partner themselve s as not quite the same as the normal gathering of individuals. Numerous men that seek after this field regularly accept they are really the perfect individual and they frequently consider ladies to be the field as more fragile or as somebody that may battle. As indicated by Margolis, Fisher and Miller, with respect to the particular picture and people that are seen in the mechanical fields. â€Å"The unavoidable picture of the software engineering understudy has an increasingly injurious effect on ladies students† (Margolis, Fisher and Miller 1998). Ladies are increasingly influenced by the â€Å"image† that select people can be separated of this industry. Anyway not exclusively are the homeroom settings and social effect of different individuals affecting ladies. The media, Internet, and numerous different factors additionally sway ladies and the chances to seek after innovation. These components incorporate the media portraying men as specialists in innovation, cultural desires for various objectives for young men and young ladies, the structure of learning errands, the idea of criticism in execution circumstances, and the association of study hall seating† (Hale Pg 1). The social ramifications that ladies face show that they battle when they are attempting to join the field of innovation. At last, the field of innovation is a field where guys as of now vigorously command the workforce sum regularly dismissing ladies from seeking after occupations and mechanical impact in the field. In their paper, Margolis, Fisher and Miller examine the educational program of software engineering and its essential capacities. Numerous classes in innovative investigations include science and logical examinations. In general huge numbers of these classes have appeared on normal the men for the most part score high evaluations in these classes as these classes. Numerous ladies appear to guide away from classes like these due to the substantial nearness of guys, and the weight of guys in the study hall setting. Another thing that numerous people that are separated of this industry are frequently portrayed as geeks or nerds. As indicated by the New York Times, â€Å"†¦another clarification for the drop in intrigue, which is connected to the derisive figure of the â€Å"nerd† or â€Å"geek. † She said that this way of thinking was: â€Å"Girls and young ladies don’t need to be that individual. †Ã¢â‚¬  (Spertus, 2008). Numerous people, however especially people need to abstain from being known as a nerd or geek and in view of these names related with numerous individuals in this industry, numerous ladies maintain a strategic distance from these investigations. Basic Analysis Generally speaking Margolis, Fisher and Miller have demonstrated numerous territories in which ladies and men have contrasts in the investigations of software engineering field. The purposes behind a large number of these people were distinctive relying upon their sexual orientations, which is frequently the situation for some employments and regions of examining. Numerous fields of studies do identify with people with specific inclinations and the manner in which many are set up in structure can profit one sexual orientation over another sex. This is a reasonable contention in light of the fact that there are sure educational plans that do will in general have classes that are simpler and a slight bit of leeway to various sexual orientations. Furthermore, the way that numerous ladies are directed away in light of the terrorizing of not having the â€Å"image† of a software engineering individual is likewise evident. Individuals as a rule need to fit in with a gathering of individuals that they will be examining their major in. Due to the enormous reduction of ladies entering the field of software engineering and mechanical investigations, numerous ladies are starting to feel segregated from others and threatened by the class structure. At last, the substantial ruling field of men and the regularly portrayed monikers of nerds and geeks additionally dismisses numerous ladies from these investigations. The expanding number of men concentrating in this field dismisses numerous ladies from entering the field through terrorizing and the notorious epithet of â€Å"geeks† and â€Å"nerds†. These names frequently connected with individuals in innovative investigations can guide people that need to get familiar with the mechanical field into an alternate territory of study to forestall pestering. Notwithstanding, however Margolis, Fisher and Miller brought up numerous brilliant focuses about sexual orientation disparity and contrasts in the fields of innovation, these creators failed to bring into that reality the use of ICTs differing among sexes. In spite of the fact that numerous ladies don't seek after degrees or occupations in innovative fields, they are still vigorously dynamic in their utilization. Ladies by and large are the biggest clients of mobile phones, and among races, African American Women are the biggest clients of the Internet. Anyway men do overwhelm ladies in certain classes of ICT utilization. Guys are most outstandingly the clients of web based gaming, anyway among races, African American men are to the least extent liable to utilize any type of innovation. Thes

Top 3 Ways Veterans and Social Security Disability Applicants Can Start the New Year in MI

Top 3 Ways Veterans and Social Security Disability Applicants Can Start the New Year in MI Top 3 Ways Veterans and Social Security Disability Applicants Can Start the 2017 New Year in Michigan At the point when another year begins, we as a whole make goals. We set objectives and consider ways we can improve our wellbeing and our monetary security. In twelve months, we need to think back on 2017 with a sentiment of fulfillment, realizing we did as well as could be expected do.If you experience the ill effects of an incapacity, you should realize that numerous projects are accessible to offer imperative help to you and to assist you with pursueing your objectives, including Social Security inability (SSD) advantages and Veterans Administration (VA) benefits. As you set out on the new year, Disability Attorneys of Michigan recommends that you take these three steps:Learn increasingly about the SSD advantages and VA benefits application process.If you need to find out about handicap benefits †and the stuff to apply for them †you should go to the offices that oversee these programs.For data about Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) and Supplemental Security In come (SSI) benefits, you ought to go to the Social Security Administration (SSA) site. The website’s Faces and Facts of Disability is a particularly supportive asset. On the off chance that you are a military veteran, you ought to investigate the VA’s website.Of course, you ought to likewise don't hesitate to call our office. We can address your inquiries, clarify the inability benefits application procedure to you and, eventually, help you to look for the entirety of the advantages you merit. We constantly offer free consultations.Get help with your handicap benefits application or appeal.If you understand worried by everything that goes into applying for incapacity benefits †or with engaging a denied guarantee †you are not the only one. Numerous individuals see the procedure as entangled and confusing.Don’t let it overpower you. Rather, you should remain concentrated on your objectives and get the help you need so as to arrive at those goals.Disabili ty Attorneys of Michigan can offer numerous accommodating types of assistance to you, including gathering the clinical, business and additionally military records that help your case for benefits.We have broad involvement in looking for handicap advantages and focus only on this territory of the law. We can bring an elevated level of expertise and information to your case and, thusly, significantly improve your odds of accomplishment. Investigate every other asset accessible to you.Waiting for something as significant as handicap advantages can negatively affect your physical, enthusiastic and money related health.While you hang tight for a choice on your case, you should exploit assets offered through the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Michigan Veterans Affairs Agency and other state agencies.For model, in the event that you face lodging troubles, you can look at the Michigan State Housing Development Authority’s lodging locator. This instrument can assist you with finding a home or loft that accommodates your area and current income.When you work with Disability Attorneys of Michigan, we can work with you to discover the help you need as we push ahead with your case. Get in touch with us today to find out additional.

Letter Writing Etiquette

Letter Writing Etiquette A letter that is elegantly composed is getting increasingly hard to track down. Slang, PC email-dialect and terrible punctuation have moved in and turn out to be natural in our method of composing. Continuously recollect that when composing a letter your words can't be reclaimed once sent. Individuals frequently state or get things done without much forethought dependent on feeling and letter composing is the same. Similarly as one may leave a contention to chill off or thoroughly consider things before reacting, one needs to likewise put a letter down and hold up before sending it. Ensure you set aside the effort to peruse what has been composed before really placing it via the post office. Letter composing behavior is one of the most important exercises an individual can learn in their lives. You may state it’s only a lot of words on paper†¦well, when a letter shows up at its goal it might be the main impression the peruser gets of you. Likewise with whatever else, it’s critical to give the peruser a decent image of who you are through your composition. This is the reason letter composing decorum is actually a fundamental device for everybody to know. Regardless of what sort of letter you are composing, whether it’s an individual or a business letter, letter composing manners applies to the two sorts. The primary thing you need to do is to offer idea to your composition. Consider cautiously how you need to run over to the beneficiary of your letter. Utilize legitimate wording to communicate your contemplations or sentiments. Ordinarily a letter can be brought pull out sometime in the not too distant future, as evidence of your character and it might really be an aftereffect of composing under coercion or extraordinary feeling. Not an impression of who you really are. Thus, before composing, write down thoughts and contemplations at that point form them into sentences and passages. Once you’ve done this, set it aside and read it again following a couple of hours or days before you really send it via the post office. So as to make your composing simple for the peruser to follow, letter composing behavior recommends writing in a specific request. Start toward the start of your story or issue and go ahead from that point. Don’t hop around from the present to past and back once more. This befuddles your perusers and hurls them from what you are attempting to let them know. Make your introduction understood and straightforward. Remain with shorter sentences and utilize engaging words to pass on your significance. Following great letter composing behavior will shield you from sounding wordy and dull. It will keep the peruser intrigued and perusing rapidly through the paper to discover the consummation. Another piece of letter composing behavior that can't be disregarded is syntax. At the point when you permit syntactic blunders to fill a page, you’ll occupy the peruser. Each time they read across something that is syntactically off-base, their mind will stop and spotlight on what just looks wrong. Intellectually their mind will take note of this mistake and it removes them from the real point that you might be attempting to get across in your letter. In the event that a letter is loaded with linguistic mistakes, at that point you risk losing your peruser totally. They may quit perusing before they ever get to the end where you may have some significant end proclamations for them. Letter composing decorum is something that everybody should make time to learn. Sending letters is an augmentation of demonstrating whom we are and terrible language and composing will just show the perusers that you are one that doesn’t should be paid attention to. That, however a letter sent out of frustration loaded with put-down and dangers will just serve to show you in a negative light that can be utilized against you at whenever. Set aside the effort to learn great letter composing manners. You’ll find that it will prove to be useful commonly in your life.

Social Anxiety Disorder and Public Restrooms

Social Anxiety Disorder and Public Restrooms Social Anxiety Disorder Coping Print Social Anxiety Disorder and Public Restrooms By Leonard Holmes Updated on December 01, 2019 Social Anxiety Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children Peter Dazeley / Getty Images Do you have trouble urinating in public? Youre not alone. As many as one to two million Americans cant urinate at all if there is someone else in the restroom. These people, mostly men, suffer from a social anxiety disorder called  avoidant paruresis, also known as bashful bladder syndrome (BBS), shy bladder  or bladder shyness. An estimated 20 million people suffer from BBS in the United States alone. The disorder can range from mild to severe.   What Is Bashful Bladder Syndrome? Anxiety often causes muscle tension and makes it difficult to relax muscles. In order to urinate, you need to relax a set of sphincter muscles. When you were toilet-trained, you learned to keep these muscles in a tense state unless you wanted to urinate. The self-conscious feelings elicited in some people when others are present seem to interfere with the ability to relax the sphincters.  ?BBS tends to be a lifelong ailment that can cause significant distress in your everyday life.   For the majority of people who experience bashful bladder syndrome, the problem is a mild inconvenience. You may have some difficulty urinating when there is someone else at the next urinal or in the next stall.  For men, heading to a stall rather than a urinal is usually all that is needed.     However, if you have a more severe form of BBS, you probably find that it is extremely disruptive to your life. You may have to be at home alone in order to successfully use the bathroom. Certain odors, sounds or other distractions may also cause you problems. Some ?paruretics carry catheter kits so that they can catheterize themselves when needed. Others seek ?psychotherapy or hypnosis to help them solve the problem. Bashful Bladder Syndrome Triggers There seem to be three particular triggers for BBS sufferers: The familiarity with the people in the bathroom. The less you know them, the more uncomfortable you likely feel.  How close the other people in the bathroom are. Can they hear you? See you? Part of BBS is feeling like you are in a performance where everyone is watching and/or listening and judging you, so having other people nearby or no doors can make you feel like you have no privacy and make the situation even worse.Feeling anxious, scared or upset about something else, including feeling pressured to finish quickly. Treatments Paruresis is very treatable. If you have significant problems using public restrooms, consult your doctor. Your physician will likely do a physical examination first to rule out any physical problems that could be causing your difficulty. Many studies have shown that cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) helps at least four out of five BBS sufferers improve.  Systematic desensitization is one behavioral treatment that is often used to help sufferers cope with their bashful bladder syndrome. It involves using a pee buddy who is present when you need to urinate. This person may start out in the next room with the door open. As it becomes easier to start a flow of urine, the buddy gradually positions themselves closer and closer. Relaxation techniques are often used in conjunction with this approach. The 9 Best Online Therapy Programs

The Dynamics of Fantasy and Reality in Madame Bovary - Literature Essay Samples

I.Artist M.C. Escher, famous for his deceptive manipulations of vignettes, once asserted that Reality cannot exist without illusion, and illusion not without reality. There is no telling why Escher or countless others are preoccupied with the absurd, with the gray matter of the world; it is difficult to understand how reality can become so stale and trite as to force one to escape from it altogether. After all, there are so many paradigms left to break, so many conceptual questions left unanswered. Perhaps there are some who are innately lacking this recognition of the beauty and paradox of actuality, some who choose to ignore the authenticity of self and escape into some misapprehension, some dream. In few works is this persona better epitomized than in Gustave Flauberts classic 1857 publication Madame Bovary. Though the novel is often considered to be a commentary on the corruptible French Bourgeois, the story centers around the selfish machinations of Emma Bovary, a stifled house wife unsatisfied with the life she is leading. Emma, perhaps inadvertently, falls into a parallel world of wining and dining, balls, and other opulent misgivings that eventually lead her to a feeling of disgust for her true vitality, consequently ending her life in suicide. Emma is never able to see the magnificence in relationships and love; she is swept away by the pretentious ideas of Romanticism and luxury. Her husband, Charles, is sadly also in an imaginary world of his own. He cannot detect the indiscrete schemes of his plotting wife. Charles believes he is living a fairy tale with a loving and obedient wife, when in fact it couldnt be farther from the truth. Ironically enough, those the couple encounter in the treacherous society encroaching on them are the ones closest to reality. In Madame Bovary and in civilization today, both the beauty and danger of illusion is that it removes one from reality in such a way that the latter then loses some splendor of its own. II Lawrence Thornton, in his 1978 criticism of the piece, proposes that Emma Bovary exists in a fantasy world fabricated by Three visual modesdescriptive, hallucinatory, and autoscopic. He asserts the descriptive manner of vision explains Madame Bovarys internal condition and conveys why she reacts to external stimuli in the way she does. Thornton believes Flaubert uses imagery of Emmas surroundings to parallel her innermost emotions. In her hallucinatory state, Madame Bovary loses all sense of time and becomes engulfed in her latest whim be it a man or some other object of her ephemeral affection. Temporarily, she forgets she is married and forgets she is teetering on the edge of bankruptcy. Thornton seems to condone her behavior because of this delusional mode, blaming it and not the person upon whom it manifests. The autoscopic vision seems to combine the former two, explaining the merging of past and present and how it prevents Emma from ever differentiating between fantasy and reality. F lauberts style seems to fade out behind Emmas own articulations, making this mode the most revealing of Emma Bovarys psyche. Thorntons ideas on Flauberts use of imagery to parallel Emmas feelings are brilliant, but his analysis of three different modes of vision seems far-fetched and overreaching. Emma Bovarys notions and emotions seem to almost always be paired with a similar vignette, be it quixotic, desolate or even promising. Flaubert is indeed revealing in this technique how easily Emma is affected by the most subtle of subtleties around her. Thornton claims that Emma no longer understands the concept of time, when in fact it is quite the opposite. Emma is existing in her plight precisely because she is so aware of time. Madame Bovary knows she cannot waste time as an obedient housewife and must expel her desires somehow. Thornton mistakes Emmas desires for fleeting wants indifferent to time. Though Emma may long to stay young forever, she knows exactly where and how she is, a nd is doing what she can to inject excitement into her life. If Emma were to have no concept of time, she would not be so desperate and willing to fall into illusion. Her perception of time is why her illusions are so dangerous. III If ever there were evidence of Emma Bovarys false sense of what is ideal and what is just, it lies in the style of Flauberts writing. Emma persistently scrutinizes her situation and has not the appreciation of the most self-absorbed and pompous in society. The journeys into Emmas thoughts express Flauberts style flawlessly, manipulating the reader into detecting the detrimental effects of a false reality. Madame Bovary ponders: Would this misery last forever? Would she never be out of it? She certainly deserved as much as all those women who were living happily. She had seen duchesses at Vaubyessard who had clumsier figures and more common manners than she, and she cursed Gods injustice; she would lean her head against the wall and cry; she envied tumult uous lives, masked balls, and insolent pleasures with all the mad distractions they probably offered and that she had never known. (83) This self-inquiry conveys Emmas insight that probes no further than the material level, the outer surface of things. She continues to create a chasm between her own life and that which she desires, evident in Flauberts sentence structure. To begin the passage, Madame Bovary uses two simple, segregating sentences referencing the life she currently leads. As the segment progresses and Emma draws into the life she yearns for, however, her thoughts are materialized into freight-train sentences, displaying her boredom with the present circumstances and a garnished, romantic idea of what she thinks she deserves. Flaubert employs this concealed technique throughout the novel, slowly increasing the breach between whim and actuality. The tone is melancholic, but in being so it is also latently manipulative. Emma is so distraught, so desperate for a new exis tence, she almost provokes empathy from the reader. This is precisely Flauberts strategy he wants the audience to feel compassion for Emma. The reader soon realizes he should not be feeling sympathy for such an ungrateful adulteress, and has encountered the hazards of illusion. Emma is so out of touch with reality she invokes the audience to side with her, proving the power of fantasy. Emma is already too justified in her mind to revert back to reality, as evident in the phrase She certainly deserved as much She is convinced that what could be should be, and Flaubert exquisitely portrays this through his style. IV Society is a corruptible entity; it is flawed and responsible for the perils in the world today. There are many reasons for this imperfection in civilization, and, as exemplified in Madame Bovary, misapprehension is among the most paramount. It is not to say goals or ambitions are among these terrible misgivings, rather it is the arbitrary and lustful desires or impressio ns that weave the flaws into the fabric of mankind. Illusion is a chief catalyst behind ignorance, sin, and disgrace. Emma Bovary possesses the most frivolous desires in the story, and, fittingly, she carries the most ignominy. Her wants stem from readings of quixotic tales filled with lacy imagery of swoon and fancy possessions, leading her to an idea of what her vitality should be. Despite the lack of money flowing into the household, Emma sinks herself into debt purchasing needless item after needless item, killing her sense of moderation and modesty. After the ball in Vaubyessard, she then begins to conjure up an idea of the perfect man, not appreciating the loving one she actually has. With each day, Emma comes to loathe the true possessions and the genuine man in her life, leaving her perpetually yearning for something more. Spawned from this cycle is Madame Bovarys eventual committals of adultery and deceit, displaying the ease with which fantasy may cause transgression and d ishonor. A spurious idea of reality is also responsible for temporal blindness and denial. Charles never suspects any wrongdoing on Emmas behalf, despite the mounting evidence against her. He believes from day one he is living out the typical bourgeois lifestyle, loving Emma as a trustworthy wife. His fantasy, though more innocent and respectable than Emmas, is just as thoughtless and contributing to the faults in society. Because he believes the marriage is perfect, Charles never attempts to change his monotonous and predictable ways. The two have no idea what the other wants because they are blinded by two unrealistic fantasies. A fantasy can only go as far as one wants it to, but, sadly, society is plagued by those who cannot distinguish it from actuality. Emma Bovarys illusions produce sin and ignominy while her husbands create an impermeable ignorance and blindness. Illusion, as shown in these examples, is the cause of the many defects of the human condition. V Reality indeed cannot exist without illusion, because without the latter there is nothing to compare what is real to what is not. Likewise, illusion will never stand alone because there must exist an entity from which to escape. Few recognize that this subtle relationship is a beautiful one it has led to innovation, discovery, and love. But it is also treacherous, as some will polarize to total fantasy and may never fall back into a healthy balance of both it and reality. This is so in the disastrously exquisite tale of Madame Bovary. Charles and Emma Bovary are a tragic couple, doomed from the start, and impeded by a lack of genuine vitality. It frustrates the reader that the two can never escape from their fantasies of opulence, excitement, or true love and companionship. The story presents beauty as well, however Charles and Emma salvage some joy out of lives they were unfortunately thrown into. As the saying goes, ignorance is bliss, and indubitably, both Charles and Emma find pleasure only in their fantasies. People will always find ways to achieve happiness, be it in illusion, actuality, or a combination of the two. Of course, there are perils in escaping into a fantasy world, but who is anyone to say what one should or shouldnt do? It is the wonderful complexity of the human will that will dictate where our lives will lead us. When I look at another M.C. Escher drawing, perhaps I will divert into illusion for one moment for that may be where satisfaction lies.

Education Program For The United Nations Development Program

1. Jim Teicher is Cofounder and CEO of CyberSmart! Education, a digital learning company and international leader in fostering digital literacy skills. In 2007 Jim founded CyberSmart! Africa—partnering with The Millennium Villages Project, a joint initiative of the Earth Institute at Columbia University, Millennium Promise and the United Nations Development Program. The program is going to provide a sustainable, scalable solution to 21st century learning. 2. Bill Gates is the most influential person in education policy in the last decade. He has contributed to over $1.2 billion in high school reform efforts. Bill Gates has also helped bring technology into schools that needed and has had some success with changing the high school system†¦show more content†¦The department’s mission covers the following main areas: †¢ Encouraging teaching practices using ICT; †¢ Developing school equipment; †¢ Creating networks; †¢ Teacher training (both initial teacher education and continuing professional development); †¢ Supporting the production and distribution of multimedia resources; †¢ The product and services industry. 2. Agence Bibliographique de l‘enseignement Supà ©rieur (ABES) †¢ ABES is the French higher education organisation for bibliographic issues. It has been coordinating STAR, a management system of electronic theses from all French universities since 2007 and has now developed a portal for over 60 000 doctoral theses since 2001. †¢ OA mandate: Yes. All universities deposit their theses to this centralised disseminating portal. 3. Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) †¢ CNRS is Europe’s major research organisation working through its 7 institutes of Biological Science, Chemistry, Ecology and Environment, Humanities and Social Sciences, Information Sciences and Technologies, Engineering and Systems Sciences, Physics and 3 national institutes: National Institute for Mathematical Sciences (INSMI); National Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics (IN2P3); National Institute for Earth Sciences and Astronomy (INSU)/ Its aim is to encourage collaborative and interdisciplinary research. †¢ OA mandate: Mandated through the Ministry of Research. 4. Couperin †¢ Academic consortium of over

Human Resources and Hr - 985 Words

Activity 1: Human resource department is the field that takes control of training and overseeing employees. Therefore, it is important for HR personnel to develop and maintain some skills and knowledge in that field. Based on the CIPD HR professional map, there are some strategies, insights and solutions that can be followed. One of them is to ensure that Individuals understand the organization s external goals and objectives and the different functions within it. Through understanding what should be done, employees will be able to focus on what they can do to help their organizations. Moreover, promoting leadership among teams and encouraging people to lead and make decisions is one of the most successful strategies used nowadays to†¦show more content†¦I need to ensure that I would deal patiently with difficult customers and treat them respectfully, and advice other employees to do that too to perform a timely service delivery without losing customers or our good reputation. Activity 2: Personal Development Plan or PDP is a program that aims to develop the professional skills and knowledge of employees and to improve their competency skills in different professions. PDP plays a major role in preparing employees to be up-to-date to any recent trend that may occur in their field of specialty. It also helps employees to develop new skills and to become more efficient and confident. When confidence is achieved, employees stay motivated to improve knowledge and to increase professional competence. Staying up-to-date with the latest trend of a profession increases the productivity of a company and makes it one the best in its respective field. Development options: †¢ What skill I need, knowledge and behaviours are required to do the job well. †¢ Look at the current skill and behaviors. †¢ Compare actual with required to identify the gaps. What do I want to learn What will I do to achieve this What resources or support will I need What will my success criteria Target dates for review and completion Developing professional practice Apply the outcome from the course Support from people around me and the institute Dealing with proficient people Daily tell I reached what IShow MoreRelatedThe Human Resource ( Hr )1572 Words   |  7 Pages The human resource (HR) in an organization deals with the day to day operations of the human resources department. The HR department deals with business law, compensation, employee relations, benefits, medical and the like. HR focuses on whom the organization hires, whom the organization fires and remediation to employees who need discipline and retooling to continue their employment. The functions of the HR department in my organization include: recruiting and retaining talent, performanceRead MoreThe Human Resource ( Hr )1655 Words   |  7 PagesThe human resource (HR) in an organization deals with the day to day operations of the human resources department. The HR department deals with business law, compensation, employee relations, benefits, medical and the like. HR focuses on whom the organization hires, whom the organization fires and remediation to employees who need discipline and retooling to continue their employment. The functions of the HR department in my organization include: recruiting and retaining talent, performance managementRead MoreThe Human Resource ( Hr )2186 Words   |  9 Pages The human resource (HR) in an organization deals with the day to day operations of the human resources department. The HR department deals with business law, compensation, employee relations, benefits, medical and the like. HR focuses on whom the organization hires, whom the organization fires and remediation to employees who need discipline and retooling to continue their employment. The functions of the HR department in my organization include: recruiting and retaining talent, performanceRead MoreHuman Resource Management ( Hr )1550 Words   |  7 PagesHuman Resource Management (HR) acts to serve a function which is aimed at maximizing the overall performance of a business and its employees in relation to the employer s set standards and strategic objectives. The primary focus of HR is concentrated upon the management of employees, and on the policies and systems within and outside the organisation. (Boxall Purcell, 2011). â€Å"Strategic Human Resource Management (SH RM) aims to align the functions and processes of HR with the strategic aims andRead MoreHuman Resource Management ( Hr )1499 Words   |  6 PagesHuman Resource Management (HR) is a function in an organisation aimed at maximizing employee performance in relation to the employer s set standards and strategic objectives. The primary focus of HR is concentrated upon the management of employees, and on the policies and systems within and outside the organisation. (Boxall Purcell, 2011). â€Å"Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM) aims to align the functions and processes of HR with the strategic aims and objectives and competitive advantageRead MoreHuman Resource Management and Hr1030 Words   |  5 PagesThe report below sets out the importance of the HR function, explains how HR activities support the organisation’s strategy and ways HR support line managers and their staff. The HR Function is in a position to add value by proper formulation and implementations of the following activities and in turn support the organisation strategy. Recruitment and Selection Recruiting the wrong people can lead to a drop in productivity, lack of commitment, low morale, and rapid staff turnover, all of whichRead MoreHuman Resources ( Hr ) Managers980 Words   |  4 PagesHuman Resources (HR) managers today are faced with many different issues than those in the past. While human resources managers are still responsible for the interviewing, hiring, training and orientation of new employees, this position has developed into much more than the initial hiring of the employee. They are also responsible for keeping employees and other managers up-to-date and aware of the diversity issues, and strategically implementing programs that align with the goals of the organizationRead MoreThe Human Resource ( Hr ) Department1500 Words   |  6 PagesThe Human Resource (HR) department manages the tangible indirect reward to employees. The Benefits that an employer provides to their employees are ones needed to provide the motivation to retain their employment and pr ovide a positive return on investment. With the rising cost of health care, companies are relying on their HR department to provide benefits that will help in lowering the cost associated with older workers. Employers have found one benefit that has provided the greatest return onRead MoreHuman Resource ( Hr ) Departments988 Words   |  4 PagesHuman Resource (HR) departments were established to help companies enhance their employee’s potential, which in turn enhances the performance of the company. HR departments are expanding in companies regardless of their size. Due to state and federal law, human resource departments have to adapt and grow. These HR laws are in place to help both the employee and the employer. This paper will discuss the Family and Medical Leave Act and what it is able to provide for employees. The Law PublicRead MoreHuman Resource Management And The Hr Department1532 Words   |  7 Pages Although Human Resource Management did begin as a administrative job, advancements in technology has increased a business’s resources to the point of needing this department to take on a more strategic role. The HR Department is or all intend and purposes the center point for the employees needs ranging from - payroll, benefits, vacation, as well as staying up to date with the legal matters. The roles the HR department have always been aimed at meeting the needs of the employee, with a strategic

A Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen - 1717 Words

â€Å"A Doll, a Partner, and a Change† Social movement of women liberation toward equal rights and independence has been a big subject in human history. It happens not only in Europe but also all over the world. Though making progress, this movement has been advancing slowly and encountered backslashes from time to time. Maybe there is something deeply hidden which the society has not figured out yet, even women themselves. What do women want, freedom or good life? Most of the time, they are not necessarily the same thing. The play, â€Å"A Doll House† written by Henrik Ibsen back in 1879 while exiled in Germany, reveals the desire of freedom from Nora, a typical house wife in Norway back in the end of 19th century. An event of secret loan†¦show more content†¦At the scene Helmer replies: â€Å"Yes, it’s not at all impossible. Mrs. Linde, I suppose you’re a widow† (Ibsen 1126), after Nora asks Torvald to consider giving Linde, her friend, a position in the bank. All show the inferior status of women in the family, and in the society’s legal structure. Not only that the society calls for a woman â€Å"no deceiving† as a wife under any circumstance, but also women basically are forbidden to do many things financially, including borrowing. A woman back then should be dependent on her family and not supposed to have a serious job unless being a widow or not married. In â€Å"The position of Women in Norway†, Pernille Là ¸nne Mà ¸rkhagen states that â€Å"up the 1854, Norwegian women acquired inheritance rights. But, not until 1890s that married women gained the right to control their own wealth. Prior to the start of industrialization in the 19th century, the role of women was entirely subservient to men† (Mà ¸rkhagen). Though Norway is a leading country to address women’s right now, the social norm back then in Norway is still a male dominating society. It is especially true once we learn that Henrik Ibsen was born in Norway (1828-1906), and â€Å"A Doll House† is one of the famous plays he wrote to reveal the social issues encountering during that time (â€Å"Henrik Ibsen Biography.com†). A partner, the desire for women to be treatedShow MoreRelatedHenrik Ibsen s A Doll House1563 Words   |  7 Pages In the play, A Doll House by Henrik Ibsen, the title itself symbolizes the dependent and degraded role of the wife within traditional marriages. Ibsen portrayed the generous nature root into women by society, as well as the significant action of this nature, and lastly the need for them to find their own voice in a world ruled by men. Ibsen wrote this play in 1879, this is the era where women were obedient to men, tend the children until their husband came home, and stood by the Cult of DomesticityRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1291 Words   |  6 Pages A Doll s House by Henrik Ibsen, is a play that has been written to withstand all time. In this play Ibsen highlights the importance of women’s rights. During the time period of the play these rights were neglected. Ibsen depicts the role of the woman was to stay at home, raise the children and attend to her husband during the 19th century. Nora is the woman in A Doll House who plays is portrayed as a victim. Michael Meyers said of Henrik Ibsen s plays: The common denominator in many of IbsenRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1288 Words   |  6 Pages Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House is based in the Victorian society of the 19th century. It assesses the many struggles and hardships that women faced because of marriage â€Å"laws† that were crucial during that time period. The society was male- dominated with no equality. Nora is the protagonist in A Doll’s House and the wife of a man named Torvald. This play is about Nora’s voyage to recognizing her self- determination and independence. She transforms from a traditional, reserved woman to a new, independentRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1298 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"There is beauty in truth, even if it s painful. Those who lie, twist life so that it looks tasty to the lazy, brilliant to the ignorant, and powerful to the weak. But lies only strengthen our defects. They don t teach anything, help anything, fix anything or cure anything. Nor do they develop one s character, one s mind, one s heart or one s soul.† (Josà © N. Harris). Nora Helmer’s choice to lie and deceive is inappropriate and wrong for women to do to her husband during this time period; itRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1037 Words   |  5 PagesHenrik Ibsen s A Doll s House is a work of literature genius. This three-act play involves many literary technics that are undermined by the average reader such as the fact that the plot shows the main characters Torvald and his wife Nora live the perfect life. An ironic paradox based around the fact that Nora and Torvald’s relationship is the complete opposite of perfect. Also, bringing upon a conflict as well, appearance versus reality. These little hidden meanings within stories are what areRead MoreHenrik Ibsen s A Doll House Essay1501 Words   |  7 PagesHenrik Ibsen’s play â€Å"A Doll House† was set in the Victorian era, a time where women were highly respected. Women in this time period did not work, they had nannies to take care of their children and maids to take care of their homes. Many women had no real responsibilities, they spent their time having tea parties and socializing with their friends. Henrik Ibsen dared to show the realism of the Victorian era while everyone else would only focus on the romantic aspect. In the play, â€Å"A Doll House†Read MoreA Doll s House : Henrik Ibsen962 Words   |  4 PagesDrama Analysis A Doll’s House (Henrik Ibsen) And Trifles (Susan Glaspell) In comparing both dramas, the overwhelming aspect of convergence between both is the open discussion of gender identity. Both dramas make similar points about what it means to be a woman. Modern society in both dramas is constructed with men holding power over women. This is seen in Trifles in how men like George Henderson and Mr. Hale are myopic. The premise of the drama is how women worry over trifles, and the dismissiveRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1421 Words   |  6 PagesIn A Doll’s House, Henrik Ibsen examines conventional roles of men and women in the nineteenth century. 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The Tax System Of The United States - 854 Words

Tax System Tax system is a legal system of imposing and collecting taxes from the citizens of the country. As it has been stated by Albert Einstein, the hardest task in the world is to understand the tax system of a country. The United States’ tax system is so complicated that its tax code contains almost 3 million words and 6,000 pages. Moreover, the taxes implied by city and state governments add more complexity to the federal taxation system. In this case, we do not need to understand the complexity of tax code system in order to get acquainted with the significant role of taxes in American society. Role of Political Leaders In addition to economic issues, taxation is also a political issue. Political leaders formulate tax policies to bring reforms in the taxation system in order to promote their agendas. The major tax reforms include: increasing or decreasing the tax rate, imposing new taxes on certain products and changing the definition of taxable income. It is evident from the research studies that no one deliberately wants to pay taxes. U.S’ tax policy reflects expression of influence - i.e., those who have power are successful in paying low taxes and their burden is shifted to people who have no power. Therefore retired individuals, small business owners and farmers find ways efforts to reduce their tax burden. Since its existence, tax policy has been enormously used for promoting political and economic agendas. Structure of Taxation The system of taxation inShow MoreRelatedThe Tax System Of The United States1597 Words   |  7 Pagesand services is provided by the government for the people. Taxes in the United States can be originated all the way back to the 1760s. The current tax system the country has is a progressive tax. A progressive tax is a taxation system where higher incomes get taxed at higher percentages than those with lower incomes. The tax system that has been proposed that the economy should switch to is a flat tax. A flat tax is a system where all income would have to pay the same percentage towards taxes regardlessRead MoreThe United States Tax System1576 Words   |  7 PagesThe United States tax system has an extensive history that has transformed from a modest system to a complex taxation system over the years. From the beginning, the tax system has undergone changes due to past wars, inclusion of social programs, changes to social programs, presidential views, and ec onomic fluctuations. Every tax year, the tax laws continue to change from the methods of the past. In the years of the 1600’s and the middle 1700’s, the English settlers were the dominant people whoRead MoreThe Tax System Of The United States1553 Words   |  7 Pagesfunds certain actions and services provided by the government for the people. Taxes in the United States originated in the 1760s. The current tax system the country has is a progressive tax. A progressive tax is a tax system where higher incomes tax at higher percentages than those with lower incomes. The tax system that was anticipated that the economy should switch to is a flat tax. A flat tax is a system where all income would pay the same percentage towards taxes regardless of how much money theyRead MoreThe Tax System Of The United States1597 Words   |  7 Pagesactions and services is provided by the government for the people. Taxes in the United States originated all the way back in the 1760s. The current tax system the country has is a progressive tax. A progressive tax is a taxation system w here higher incomes get taxed at higher percentages than those with lower incomes. The tax system that was anticipated that the economy should switch to is a flat tax. A flat tax is a system where all income would have to pay the same percentage towards taxes regardlessRead MoreThe United States Tax System1487 Words   |  6 PagesPolitics is the process in which negotiation and resistance is utilized to establish a stable society. In contrast, the current United States tax system fails to form such solid grounds. Without such a complex system, anarchy and chaos will overrule the goal of fairness that is favorable to people. Taxation is a branch of politics that is distorted in some ways in which it does not satisfy many people’s needs. Although a government is designed to run an organized society and meet the needs of citizensRead MoreThe United States Tax System1799 Words   |  8 PagesPast Influences, the United States Tax System The Power of Tax Franklin D Roosevelt once said â€Å"Taxes, after all, are dues that we pay for the privileges of membership in an organized society†. Though the word, tax, itself has so much power the basic definition is to asses a fee against a citizen person, property, or activity for the support of the government (Tax, n.d. , para. 2). Just mentioning taxes as a headliner on a newscast will draw the public in to listen to the news. The word is unescapableRead MoreThe Flat Tax System Of The United States Essay1663 Words   |  7 Pagestaxes. With this being said, the United States has adopted a progressive tax since its very existence. We believe that if our nation is placed under a flat tax system, our economy will operate more effectively. If we incorporate a flat tax system we will be able to ensure fairness among all citizens, eliminate tax loopholes, and allow opportunities for business expansion. With this being said, we will be examining the strengths and weaknesses about the flat tax system and how it has been used into practiceRead MoreThe Progressive Tax System Of The United States Essay2092 Words   |  9 Pages There is an issue that has plagued the United States even prior to the founding of the nation. That issue is fair taxation. While the American Colonists were being taxed unfairly without parliamentary representation, average modern Americans are being taxed unfairly without legal representation. Some hold the belief that the progressive tax code employed by the United States to be fair as the wealthy pay a higher marginal tax rate. The operative word there being marginal. As the upper class typicallyRead MoreThe United States Tax System and Flat Tax Essay1892 Words   |  8 PagesThe United States Tax System and Flat Tax The United States tax system is in complete disarray. Republicans and Democrats agree that the current tax code is complex, unfair, and costly. The income tax system is so complex; the IRS publishes 480 tax forms and 280 forms to explain the 480 forms (Armey 1). The main reason the tax system is so complex is because of the special preferences such as deductions and tax credits. Complexity in the current tax system forces Americans to spend 5.4Read MoreProgressive Tax Systems in Europe and the United States1135 Words   |  5 Pagesprogressive tax would be the perfect tax structure to choose. This is a system where the tax rate increases as the taxable base increases as well. As we recall from history, President George Bush had enacted a tax cut from 2001 – 2010. Over this ten year Americas wealthiest had received tax cuts totaling almost half a trillion. By 2010 while Bush’s tax reductions were still in place 52 percent of the tax cuts had gone to the 1 perce nt richest whose average income was 1.5 million â€Å"Their tax-cut windfall

Maintaining a Healty Body Free Essays

There are many different factors involved in maintaining a healthy body, such as; a balanced diet, regular exercise, staying hydrated, making sure you get the right vitamins and nutrients your body needs, getting enough sleep, taking prescribed medication properly, and avoiding drugs and alcohol. This essay is going to focus on how to maintain a healthy body when you are pregnant, for both the mother and the baby, through a healthy diet and lifestyle, and also the repercussions if these are not adhered to. A healthy, balanced diet is important for everyone to maintain a healthy body, but t is particularly important during pregnancy as it will keep you fit and healthy, as well as improving the growth and development of the baby. We will write a custom essay sample on Maintaining a Healty Body or any similar topic only for you Order Now The ‘eatwell plate’ shows the four main food groups that are important when trying to eat well-balanced meals, as recommended by the Food Standard’s Agency. We are advised to eat five portions (a minimum of 400g) of fruit and vegetables every day in order to get a good combination of the vitamins and minerals our bodies need. They are also a great source of fibre, needed to prevent constipation, and they contribute to reducing the risk of stroke, type 2 diabetes and heart disease. A third of the food that we eat should be made up of foods that are higher in carbohydrates and fibre. These are known as starchy foods and are essential because they digest slowly, giving us more energy and helping us to feel full for longer, making it less likely for us to over-eat. Dairy foods, such as, milk, cheese, and yoghurt are also important, especially in pregnant women, as they provide us with protein, essential for growth and repair, and calcium which keeps our bones strong and is vital for the development of the baby’s bones and teeth. However, there are some dairy products that pregnant omen are advised to avoid as they could make you ill or harm the baby. Foods rich in protein, such as; fish, eggs, chicken and lean meat are also necessary as part of a well-balanced diet. These provide us with essential vitamins and minerals, for example; iron and vitamin 812. Pregnant women are expected to eat two portions of fish each week, preferably oily fish such as salmon because they are rich in Omega-3, which assists in maintaining a healthy heart, and are also a good source of vitamin D. Pregnant women can get most of the vitamins and minerals they need by eating a healthy, balanced diet. However, women who suffer from morning sickness may find it difficult to eat the right amount of food necessary to obtain these. Therefore, they are recommended to take supplements. It is crucial to take folic acid during pregnancy as it assists in the prevention of neural tube defects, for example, spina bifida. Women are advised to take 400 micrograms of folic acid every day from when they are trying to conceive up until the twelfth week of pregnancy. Vitamin D is also important during pregnancy as it helps to regulate the amount of phosphate and calcium in the body. It is recommended that women take 10 micrograms of vitamin D aily, throughout the pregnancy and when they are breastfeeding in order to reduce the risk ot rickets disease, which can attect the development ot the baby’s bones. Many pregnant women often feel lethargic and this is mainly due to an iron deficiency. This can be avoided by taking an iron supplement which has been proven to reduce anemia, and thus could possibly reduce the risk of other pregnancy complications, such as hemorrhaging. Zinc is another important supplement, proven to decrease the risk of premature birth, low birth weight and pre-eclampsia [3], which could be very dangerous as it may develop into eclampsia, causing the mother o have fits, threatening the survival of the mother and the baby. 4] Iodine supplementation is crucial during pregnancy, particularly in the first trimester as it is required for the synthesis of thyroid hormones, needed for the development of the baby’s brain. A lack of iodine could lead to hypothyroxinemia in the mother and the foetus, which could potentially lead to the baby being born with brain damage or other neurological deficits. [5]. Although it is important to have a varied, balanced diet, there are some foods that pregnant women are advised to avoid as they can cause serious illness to the mother nd the baby. One of these is unpasteurized milk, or foods that contain it, such as soft cheese. These could carry listeria, which are a harmful bacteria that can survive at refrigerator temperatures and can cause listeriosis. Methylmercury is also very dangerous as it can be harmful to the developing nervous system of an unborn baby. This can be avoided by not eating large fish, such as swordfish and tile-fish, as they contain high levels of methylmercury. It is extremely important that pregnant women cook meat thoroughly, in order to prevent toxoplasmosis. This is caused by a harmful arasite called toxoplasma, found in raw or undercooked meat and also fruit and vegetables that have not been washed properly. 6] Exercise is extremely beneficial during pregnancy for a number of reasons. Core exercises that strengthen the abdominal, back and pelvic muscles will help to relieve back pain and should give women an advantage during labor as they will be physically prepared. Fatigue and difficulty sleeping are common problems among pregnant women. Those who exercise regularly claim to sleep better and have more energy during the day. Also, when we exercise our brains release endorphins, these re â€Å"feel good† hormones that help to improve your mood and decrease anxiety. 7] Smoking during pregnancy has serious implications for the mother and the baby. Smoking increases the risk of heart disease and stroke, but it causes additional health problems during pregnancy such as premature birth and miscarriage. It may also cause low birth weight, making the baby more prone to infections and could be fatal. It can cause the placenta to separate from the womb too early, cutting off the baby’s source of food and oxygen and causing bleeding. [8] Drinking when pregnant seriously affects the unborn baby as it can stop the baby rom growing properly and affect brain development. This is because when the woman drinks, the alcohol passes through the placenta and enters the baby’s bloodstream. [9] In conclusion, it is evident that women need to be extremely careful in all aspects of pregnancy. Their diet and lifestyle must be altered to benefit the mother and the unborn baby. It is crucial that pregnant women are made aware of the implications of not eating properly, eating the wrong foods, and not being strict about food hygiene, as all ot these could lead to serious illness in the mother and the baby, and in serious cases, could be life-threatening! http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/pregnancy-and-baby/pages/healthy-pregnancy-diet.aspx http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/pregnancy-and-baby/pages/vitamins-minerals-supplements-pregnant.aspx http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Pre-eclampsia/Pages/Introduction.aspx http://yalehealth.yale.edu/obstetricsprenatal-patientshttp://www.whattoexpect.com/pregnancy/exercise-benefits https://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/maternalinfanthealth/tobaccousepregnancy/ https://www.rcog.org.uk/en/patients/patient-leaflets/alcohol-and-pregnancy/ How to cite Maintaining a Healty Body, Papers

Gangs Essay Research Paper The Original law free essay sample

Gangs Essay, Research Paper The Original jurisprudence of the Illinois juvenile tribunal defined a delinquent as: a kid under the age of 16 old ages who has violated any Torahs of the province, or any metropolis or small town regulation. Under the common jurisprudence, kids between the ages of 7 and 16 old ages of could be dealt with as delinquent. Today in 37 provinces and in the District of Columbia, juvenile tribunals are ab initio responsible for all misdemeanors committed by young person under the age of 18. In 10 provinces the age bound is 17 and in three provinces the jurisdictional age is 16, which means that anyone at these ages or above will confront condemnable prosecution. Dependency, disregard, and misdemeanor of educational Torahs have been included in most legal powers of the juvenile tribunals. Juvenile delinquency from a legal province combines the features of societal protection and limitation. Juvenile delinquency may be a contemplation of ethical defects in the households form of life. The parent themselves may be lending to the delinquency of their progenies by the illustration of their ain societal misconduct. The broken place defined as one in which one or both parents are absent because of decease, abandonment, separation, divorce, or a committedness to an establishment, have contributed to juvenile delinquency. Other factors that may lend to the high rate of juvenile delinquency is inordinate poorness, dependence, overcrowding and other hapless place conditions, and the deficiency of parental control or attending. Why do young persons fall in packs? This Question has many replies, and it all depends upon many factors that are Affecting the young person? s life. For some young persons there isn? t a pick, they are born into the activities of packs because of their parents. Others that Don? Ts have a pick are the 1s who are forced in or recruited really strongly. Younger childs about the age of 10 or 11 are chased down by older, bigger and tougher pack members and crush up. They are made to maintain a ticker out for the constabulary at a peculiar clip and topographic point, or keep the drugs or the drug money during a dealing. Those who join voluntarily may be fall ining for the societal relationships and a sense of individuality. Others join for a sense of community, protection from other packs and an overall sense of good being. It is believed that young person packs may hold foremost appeared in Europe or Mexico. No 1 is certain when or why packs emerged in the Untied States. The earliest record of their visual aspect in the United States may hold been every bit early every bit 1783 as the American Revolution ended. They may hold emerged from adolescent playgroups or as a corporate response to urban conditions in this state. Gangs began to distribute across the United States in the early 1800? s, as the industrial revolution was holding an impact on larger metropoliss. In Chicago and other larger metropoliss packs began to flourishes during the industrial epoch, when in-migration and population displacements reached extremum degrees. It is during these rapid population displacements that packs seemed more seeable and violent. It is believed that the original packs were formed by immature adult male arising against their low societal position. These packs came from overcrowded, substandard lodging, hapless o r nonexistent wellness attention installations, and few if any economic chances. The purpose behind these groups may hold been simple camaraderie Born of shared defeat at perceived societal and economic unfairnesss. The United States has seen four distinguishable periods of pack growing and peak activity: the late 1800? s, the 1920? s, the 1960? s, and the 1990? s ( Curry and Decker, 1990 ) . In the early portion of the 19th-century, youth packs in the United States were chiefly Irish, Jewish, and Italian ( Haskins 1974 ; Sante 1991 ) . Harmonizing to resent national jurisprudence enforcement study, the ethnicity of pack members is 48 percent African American, 43 per centum Hispanic, 4 per centum white, and 4 per centum Asian ( Curry, 1996 ) . A study among pupils in the eight class at 11 different sites showed these per centums were different. 31 per centum of the pupils who said that their were gang members were African American, 25 per centum were Hispanic, 25 per centum were white, 5 per centum were Asiatic, and 15 per centum were others ( Esbensenand and Osgood ) . Youth packs are widespread in metropoliss that have a history of pack jobs like Chicago and Los Angeles. It has been said that Chicago has approximately 132 packs with an estimated rank of 30,000 to 50,000 hardcore members. Chicago? s four largest and most reprehensively active packs, the Black Gangster Di sciples Nation, the Latin Disciples, the Latin Kings, and the Vice-Lords history for about two-thirds of all pack motivat ed offenses. Youth packs vary by size and by types. Territorial packs? norm around 180 members ; Specialty packs average about 25 members. In metropoliss where packs have been in being for a long period of clip, the typical age of the pack member is 12 to 24. The mean age of the young person pack member is 17 to 18. African American packs in big metropoliss by and large tend be involve in entrepreneurial activities more than any other ethnic/racial packs. These packs are said to be more involved in drug discourtesies. Latino packs are more involved in sod? related force ; Asians and white Gangs discourtesies deal largely with belongings. Membership in a young person pack involves many unsafe actives the, induction to fall in is an illustration of the danger involved. Daniel Monti the writer and research worker of the book Wannabes Gangs in Suburbs and School interview 400 immature work forces and adult females many of them gang members, to acquire a clearer understanding about history and human nature. In the Book Wannabes several of the young persons describes their induction and traveling through the wannabe procedure before they were approached to go a member of a peculiar pack. There are many different types of inductions, one is being beat up by the members of the pack that you are fall ining. Another type of induction is to hit person, that individual doesn? T necessary have to decease but the act of hiting that person has be done in order to fall in. Youth gang members commit a disproportional portion of discourtesies including nonviolent 1s. Gang force differs from one metropolis to another, one community to another and from one pack to another. In the book Wannabe the most mentioned type of force was that of physically contending members of other packs. The female function in packs is non that much different so that of the males, they are initiated likewise as the males. Most female pack members do non perpetrate the hardcore violent act, their popularity is by and large high due to their sexual activity. Violence inside the pack such as induction serves to intensity the bonds. Most packs are governed by regulations that support utilizing force to settle differences and to accomplish group ends, sod protection and enlargement, and in defence of the pack? s order. Fight is besides a manner of showing stamina and set uping position in the pack. How does a young person acquire out of a pack? One immature adult male says that you lose yourself. This immature adult male was with a pack called the Disciples, his pack did a batch of drug trafficking and he made a sufficient sum of money and was ready to acquire out of the pack. He had prepared a missive to his parents stating them of his engagement, that he had left them some money in the bank, and that this was the lone manner for him to acquire out. It is said that one time you are in the pack that there is no manner out. Some of the other young persons interview by Monti express that wanted out besides, one says that? you can endorse out but you can? t acquire out. ? Another Tells of the process for acquiring out? you if to kill person in your household or acquire beat up by a whole clump of them? . Gangs that have good ties to other local groups and to grownups in their country behave in a more reticent manner. They do non rupture up their ain vicinities and do non intimidate those that live there their community. It is believed that packs like this type of relationship with their community because they need a safe oasis. The community besides provide the pack with information, and the pack need a psychological tie to the community because the societal adhesive is harder to brake. Gangs that have hapless ties to country groups are more likely to destruct belongings and to hassle their neighbours. Gangs are get downing to demo up in communities where they have non been seen before. Gangs are non traveling off, it is believed that a national offense mob built by the larger African American and Latino Gangs was established in Kansas City on April 1993. It is believed that this mob will split the state up into drug districts while still leting the little packs to go on to contend amongst themselves. Bibliography Mentions 1.Butts, J. , A ; Harrell, A. ( 1998 ) . Delinquents or Criminals: Policy Options for Young Offenders. The urban institue. 2. Howell, J. ( 1998 ) . Youth gangs an overview, Juvenile Justice Bulletin. 3. Goldstien, A. P. ( 1991 ) . Delinquent Gangs. ( 5th ed. ) . Chicago: Mcnaughton A ; Gunn 4. Monti, D. ( 1994 ) . Wannabes Gangs in Suburbs an Schools. Cambridge, Ma: Blackwell 5. Shulman, M. H. ( ! 961 ) .Juvenile Delinquency in America. New York: Haprer A ; Brothers.

The Clinton Sex Scandal Essays - Lewinsky Scandal, Drudge Report

The Clinton Sex Scandal Rare is a person that crosses the path of the White House without some emotion of envy or awe. This building epitomizes world leadership and unprecedented power. This renowned leadership may be the only association made by certain countries, while in the United States many see an other significance: Watergate, Whitewater, Kennedy's brutal and mysterious assassination, and today, Clinton's "zippergate" scandal. When the President of the United States takes oath, he gives up a part of his life. His private life becomes the public's life, and they feel the right to know what happens behind the Oval Office. Now the Presidency must battle against Newspaper journalists, radio personalities, televised news reports and now, even more menacing: the Internet. Presidents who are constantly reminded of their power and prestigious rank, become exasperated because they cannot control the news media, even though they can to a large degree set the news agenda. Media has expanded in its presence, becoming widespread on the Internet, perhaps monopolizing the domain, by becoming more powerful and more used than written, televised or radio journalism. The Presidents' inability to control the press exposes their vulnerability and tends to question the actual power they can actually exert. All presidents, at some time or another, became frustrated at what they perceived as unfair treatment by the press, even while acknowledging its vital function in a free society, and many presidents have been a part of a scandal. The current Presidential scandal with Monica Lewinsky had swept the Nation overnight. It seems quite impossible to know just how it will all turn out, and unfair to even speculate, but the media certainly seems to think they possess that right. It is obvious that this story has changed the face of journalism, has put online media on the map in a major way, and has made life more difficult for newspapers forever. First, let's take a look at how this story developed and how it acted on the Internet. David Noack of E&P in his article "Web's Big Role in Sex Controversy" does a great job of detailing the twisting path this tale took from rumor to investigation to publication, and how the Internet played a key part. Noack points out in his article that the "Clinton/Lewinsky" scandal has drastically changed online media. He writes: "A year ago, most newspapers and news magazines adhered to the hard rule that they would not stoop themselves by putting breaking news on their Web sites before it appeared in their print editions. But a rapidly-growing public demand for almost "instant" Web coverage of breaking national news stories has forced even the largest newspapers and magazines? like the Washington Post and Newsweek?to abandon the old rule." "Out with the old, in with the new." It is easy to think breaking stories online could dilute journalists' on-paper presence; now many have realized that online media puts all journalists on equal footing with radio and TV. So who drove this change, pushing away the status quo? Matt Drudge, author of "The Drudge Report". It is still the Internet's gold rush period and everyone is running around trying to make a profit. The irony is that the person who best embodies what's revolutionary about the Internet has made next to no money from it: Matt Drudge, 30, is the author of "The Drudge Report", a bulletin of entertainment gossip, political rumor and witty meta-news. His web page ( http://www.drudgereport.com) is austere; it consists of a headline, links to news sources and some black and white clip art. Apparently he is really quite well informed, he reads 18 newspapers a day and he admires politics enough to go after both sides of the story when the time comes. Drudge's contact list has been expanding far quicker than his bank account he now has a huge following, with a mailing list of over 85,000 people. This web journalist has such an impact on the Internet that last week he managed to cause consternation in the White House and this was not the first time. He flagged a story Newsweek had been sitting on for six months: that President Clinton may have propositioned a White House worker named Kathleen Willey on federal property. I found an article on the Internet that seemed to sum up exactly what people's opinion on Drudge is, very mixed: "The best thing about the Internet is Matt Drudge. He knows how to use the online medium. He prizes speed, being first, and he connects strongly with an audience that wants personality and gossip. The worst thing about

Sample Essay About Challenges - How to Write a Sample Essay About Challenges in Your College Life

Sample Essay About Challenges - How to Write a Sample Essay About Challenges in Your College LifeWriting a sample essay about challenges or difficulties in your life is easy and can help you tremendously in creating a written work that will get you through your graduation ceremony. A good essay about challenges that you face on a daily basis can provide comfort to you and should not be taken lightly. These kinds of works are often seen as one of the final step in the entire process of an undergraduate or graduate school application.Challenge is a very powerful element in human existence. It plays a role in every aspect of our lives. It helps us get through the tough times and enables us to reach for the higher objective.A sample essay about challenges or difficulties is going to serve as the epitome of what you have been writing throughout the process of an undergraduate or graduate school application. The time it takes you to produce an essay is going to be less when you write a one -line essay about challenges that you have been facing.I recommend that you write a one-line essay every now and then, which summarizes each individual situations that you have faced. Write a short note as to why this essay was written and how it relates to your academic career.Now that you know how to write a sample essay about challenges or difficulties in your college life, take some time to reflect on the many obstacles you are facing and write out an honest and clear description of those obstacles. Prepare a short outline or page by telling yourself what you will say and its relation to the essay. You can also read books about college or deal with local libraries and online resources that contain sample essays for different students.Don't forget to keep in mind that the sample essay is only an indication of how you can express yourself. When you need to go back and revise the original writing, put in focus the questions that you would want to ask yourself if you were to do the same task. This will provide you with the exact solution to your problem.Be careful, always make sure you are writing a sample essay about challenges or difficulties that are specific to your academic life. This will show the admissions officer that you have confidence in yourself and have actually worked through the topic well.

Summer Internship Report on Madura Garments Essay Example

Summer Internship Report on Madura Garments Essay Example Summer Internship Report on Madura Garments Paper Summer Internship Report on Madura Garments Paper Project Report On Improving Service Level for Institutional Sales SUBMITTED FOR THE PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF POST GRADUATE DIPLOMA IN INDUSTRIAL MANAGEMENT (PGDIM) By Puneet Verma Roll No. 105 PGDIM – 18 Under the guidance of [pic] National Institute of Industrial Engineering (NITIE), Vihar Lake, P. O. NITIE, Mumbai 400 087 Date of Submission: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Certificate of Supervision This is to certify that Puneet Verma, student of PGDIM, Batch No. 18 has successfully completed the project titled – â€Å"Improving Service Level for Institutional Sales†, nder the guidance of Mrs. Sadhana Ghosh (NITIE) from 11th Jan 2013 to 15th March 2013. Based on the professional work done by him, this report is being submitted for the partial fulfillment of Post-Graduation Diploma in Industrial Management at NITIE, Mumbai Signature Faculty Guide Acknowledgement I wish to extend my sincere and heartfelt gratitude to my guide Mrs. Sadhana Ghosh(Professor, NITIE), whose Guidance and help constantly helped and motivated me during the entire tenure of the project. I am able to say with conviction that I have immensely benefited. Puneet Verma PGDIM-18 Executive Summary The apparel companies cater to various channels such as Department Stores, Trade, Organized Retail etc. Institutional Sales is a nascent business channel that caters to the demand from Institutional customers i. e organizations. Sales to this channel are generally in the form of bulk orders at volume discounts. For example, a pharmaceutical company orders through this channel for gifting shirt to doctors. The majority of the business of apparel organizations comes in through Trade and Department store channels. Orders for those channels come in during the Trade shows held twice a year 6 months prior to the launch of a season (Spring-Summer or Autumn-Winter). Sourcing and production plan for those channels so are essentially done against fixed orders. But for Institutional Channel orders are not predetermined and customers come in with orders with very short lead time. This makes sourcing and manufacturing strategy for this process completely different from traditional channels. Currently the company Madura Garments (for reference and data) is not able to service these customers at a satisfactory level applying the business processes in place. This is contributed by the fact that the normal business model is significantly different from the requirements of this channel. The approach adopted was to first study the as-is business processes in place and review the past data to ascertain the capability of the current system in place. Next the problems in the current system were identified irrespective of whether the problem was a process or people related problem. A revised process flow was the proposed which will enable the company to service Institutional customers at a satisfactory rate. Lean Six Sigma methodology was adopted to approach the problem using a DMAIC model. The final list of recommendations include changes in the current business process in the short time frame for immediate enhancement of service levels and long term changes to improve process capability to ramp up the business capabilities. Table of Contents Project Report1 Certificate of Supervision2 Acknowledgements4 Executive Summary5 1. Introduction8 2. Need Significance of the Project11 3. Objective12 4. Literature Review. 3 4. 1 DMAIC 13 4. 2 Fishbone Diagram. 15 4. 3 Cause and Effect Matrix. 17 4. 4 Failure Mode Effect Analysis.. 18 5. Methodology.. 4 5. 1: Understand the current market and business scenario.. 25 5. 1. 1: Market Scenario: .. 25 5. 1. 2: Agent Performance: 29 5. 1. 3: Business processes: 30 5. 1. 4: Key Points: . 5 5. 2: Ascertain the current service level of the system.. 36 5. 3: Identifying and Defining Problems.. 37 5. 3. 1: Fishbone Diagram: 37 5. 3. 2: Cause and Effect M atrix: 38 5. 3. 3: Failure Mode Effect Analysis: 39 5. 3. : Principal Issues: 41 5. 4: Process Improvement Plan 42 5. 4. 1: Short term changes: 43 5. 4. 2: Long term plans: 47 5. 5: Process Control.. 1 6. References:.. 54 Introduction The Aditya Birla Group is in the League of Fortune 500. It is anchored by an extraordinary force of 100,000 employees, belonging to 25 different nationalities. In India the group has been adjudged â€Å" The Best Employer in India and among the Top 20 in Asia† by the Hewitt-Economic Times and Wall Street Journal Study 2007. Over 50 percent of it revenues flows from its overseas operations. The several Group companies under Aditya Birla Group are Grasim, Hindalco, Aditya Birla Nuvo, Essel Mining, Aditya Birla Retail Limited. Aditya Birla Nuvo Limited is a diversified conglomerate and the platform that has launched many new businesses for India’s Premier Business house, the Aditya Birla Group. Aditya Birla Nuvo has a dozen businesses under its fold, ranging from textiles to telecom. As a leading player, Aditya Birla Nuvo ranks as The country’s largest premium branded Apparel Company : Madura Garments Largest Manufacture of linen fabric in India India’s largest and the world’s fourth largest producer of insulators The second largest producer of carbon black in India India’s second largest producer of viscose filament yarn (VFY) Aditya Birla Nuvo’s Business: Garments (Branded Apparel) Madura Garments, a division of Aditya Birla Nuvo is India’s leading apparel retail company. It enjoys market leadership in the branded gar ments business through its power and popular lifestyle brands – Louis Phillipe, Van Heusen, Allen Solly and Peter England. The company has also entered into a distribution agreement with the International brand Esprit and has opened exclusive brand outlets. It has 2 successful store formats The Collective and PEOPLE. Madura Garments has exclusive showroom space which includes several large format brands outlets of world-class standards, providing top quality retail experience to the consumers. It also has a high visible presence in large department and multi brand stores. The thrust is on brand building through development of innovative new merchandise, exciting communication campaigns and enhancing the product portfolio. The overall marketing strategy has been move from a â€Å"Wardrobe Brand† to a â€Å"Lifestyle† Brand. The company has won many coveted awards in the fashion world like the â€Å"Best Retailer of the Year, Best Apparel Company of the Year, Best Trouser Brand of the Year, Best Smart Casual Brand of the Year† etc. , at well known for a such as Reid Taylor Awards and Images Fashion Awards. To bolster its presence significantly in the exploding apparel retail sector, the company has started retailing its life style brand and affordable popular brands through two new formats- Madura Garments Lifestyle Retail Company Limited and Peter England Fashions and Retail Limited. Contract Manufacturing Madura Garments Exports limited is a wholly owned subsidiary of Aditya Birla Nuvo focusing on garment exports. It is an integrated player in the apparel industry with interest in manufacturing exports of wovens, knits and Full Service Provider business. The company has modern manufacturing facilities and caters to customers like Marks Spencer, Next, Blackberry, Arrow, Tommy Hilfiger and Menswear House. The organization delivers from design to delivery of merchandise at the customer warehouse. [pic] 2. Need Significance of the Project Madura Fashion Lifestyle has a fast growing institutionalized sales business. In December 2011, institutional sales hit an all time high of 4. 43 crores for a month. For FY12 institutional sales will account for Rs 14 crores with a high profitability (CBA). This channel has grown by four times in terms of sales over the last four years. However, the on time in full order execution for this channel continues to be poor. Delayed deliveries and missed opportunities continue to limit the growth of this channel. In this context, there is a need to study the supply chain (planning and execution) of this channel to identify the root cause for service failures and define process and system changes to tackle these. 3. Objective Mapping of as-is supply chain (planning process, order capture and order fulfillment process): The current business process that is being followed to cater to the customer demands Establish current service level for this channel: The order service level of the channel derived from the past data that has been obtained Identify root cause for service failures in institutional business: The major causes that leads to an unsatisfactory service level related to people, process, business issues 4. Literature Review Six Sigma Methodologies: Six Sigma  is a  business management strategy, originally developed by Motorola in 1986. Six Sigma became well known after  Jack Welch made it a central focus of his business strategy at General Electric in 1995, and today it is widely used in many sectors of industry. Six Sigma seeks to improve the quality of process outputs by identifying and removing the causes of defects (errors) and minimizing  variabilityin  manufacturing  and  business processes. It uses a set of  quality management  methods, including  statistical methods, and creates a special infrastructure of people within the organization (Black Belts, Green Belts, etc. ) who are experts in these methods. Each Six Sigma project carried out within an organization follows a defined sequence of steps and has quantified financial targets (cost reduction and/or profit increase). The term  Six Sigma  originated from terminology associated with manufacturing, specifically terms associated with statistical modeling of manufacturing  processes. The maturity of a manufacturing process can be described by a  sigma  rating indicating its yield, or the percentage of defect-free products it creates. A six sigma process is one in which 99. 99966% of the products manufactured are statistically expected to be free of defects (3. defects per million). Motorola set a goal of six sigma for all of its manufacturing operations, and this goal became a byword for the management and engineering practices used to achieve it. 4. 1: DMAIC The DMAIC project methodology has five phases: ? Define  the problem, the voice of the customer, and the project goals, specifically. ? Measure  key aspects of th e current process and collect relevant data. ? Analyze  the data to investigate and verify cause-and-effect relationships. Determine what the relationships are, and attempt to ensure that all factors have been considered. Seek out root cause of the defect under investigation. ? Improve  or optimize the current process based upon data analysis using techniques such as  design of experiments,  poka yoke  or mistake proofing, and standard work to create a new, future state process. Set up pilot runs to establish  process capability. ? Control  the future state process to ensure that any deviations from target are corrected before they result in defects. Implement  control systems  such as  statistical process control, production boards, visual workplaces, and continuously monitor the process. Some organizations add a  Recognize  step at the beginning, which is to recognize the right problem to work on, thus yielding an RDMAIC methodology. 4. 2: Operation Definition: Recall the quote in the first step section of this site, You can manage, what you can measure; you can measure, what you can define; you can define, what you can understand. Operational definition is the first step towards effective management. It helps us build a clear understanding of a concept or a phenomenon so that it can be unambiguously measured. Let us take a very simple example to understand the need and the concept of operational definition. Let us imagine a situation that we wish to buy an all-purpose shirt with 50% cotton and 50% polyester. Would you accept a shirt whose front is made up of 100% cotton cloth and the back made of 100% polyester cloth? Surely not! Clearly we need to (operationally) define what we need. A better expression would be that we need a shirt made up of a cloth having even distribution of cotton and polyester fibers and their proportion by weight (or may be by number) is equal. So far so good, but we also need to have a mechanism to test it. In this case, we can send the shirt to a lab where randomly selected two areas (say 1 cm x 1 cm) one from the back and one from the front are examined for the contents. The lab reports that group of two fibers of each polyester and cotton are interwoven to make this clothe. Did we mean alternate fibers of polyester and cotton or something else? We now discover that we even need to define even distribution. In a business management scenario, common words such as good, reliable, and accurate (etc. ) can have multiple meanings unless they are (operationally) defined in a specific context. So how do we construct an operational definition? The process is explained with the help of an example in the following figure: [pic] Document the outcome of each process step and that becomes the operational definition. The operation definition must be tested before it is rolled out. 4. 2: Ishikawa’s Fishbone Diagram: The fishbone diagram is a graphical method for finding the root causes of an effect. The effect can be either a negative one, such as a process defect or an undue process variation; or a positive one, such as a desired process outcome. Kaoru Ishikawa, a famous Japanese consultant developed this method in the 1960s. It is also known as Cause-and-Effect Diagram or Ishikawa Diagram. The balance chapter details the steps required to construct a fishbone diagram. The example effect to illustrate the concept is high petrol consumption in a car. Step I Identify the process effect to be analysed. Develop an Operational Definition to ensure that it is clearly understood. Write the effect in a box on the right side and draw a horizontal arrow from left to right that touches the box as illustrated in the figure below. [pic] Step II Identify the main categories of causes resulting in the effect under consideration. These categories can easily be selected from the applicable six key process elements. These process elements are people, environment, material, method, machinery, and measurement. Add selected categories in the diagram as illustrated in the following figure. [pic] Step III Identify as many causes under each category and add them to the corresponding category. Detail each cause further (recursively) to the lowest level possible. [pic] Analyse this diagram to identify the causes that require deeper investigation. As fishbone diagram identify only potential causes, it may be a good idea to use a Pareto Chart to determine the cause(s) to focus on first. 4. 3: Cause Effect Matrix The  Cause and Effect Matrix  is a tool which is used to prioritise potential causes by examining their relationship with the  CTQs. CTQ’s are placed on the top of the matrix and causes are place along the left side. The CTQ’s are ranked in terms of importance. The relationship between the causes and CTQs are ranked. An overall score is calculated and the cause with the highest overall score should be addressed first because they will have the largest impact on the CTQs. Steps 1. List the CTQs across the top of a matrix. 2. Rank and assign scores to each CTQ according to its importance to the customer. 3. List the causes on the left side of the matrix 4. Determine correlation scores between each cause and CTQ based on the strength of their relationship (E. g. 1 – weak, 3 – some, 9 – strong) 5. Cross multiply correlation scores with priority scores and add across for each cause 6. Create a  Pareto chart  and focus on the causes with the higher overall scores. The following diagram is a CE matrix template from  ProcessMA. [pic] 4. : Failure Mode Effect Analysis: A  failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA)  is a  procedure  in  product development,  systems engineering  and  operations management  for analysis of potential failure modes within a system for classification by the severity and likelihood of the failures. A successful FMEA activity helps a team to identify potential failure modes based on past e xperience with similar products or processes, enabling the team to design those failures out of the system with the minimum of effort and resource expenditure, thereby reducing development time and costs. Because it forces a review of functions and functional requirements, it also serves as a form of  design review. It is widely used in manufacturing industries in various phases of the product life cycle and is now increasingly finding use in the service industry. Failure modes  are any errors or defects in a process, design, or item, especially those that affect the intended function of the product and or process, and can be potential or actual. Effects analysis  refers to studying the consequences of those failures. The pre-work The process for conducting an FMEA is typically developed in three main phases, in which appropriate actions need to be defined. Before starting with an FMEA, several other techniques are frequently employed to ensure that robustness and history are included in the analysis. A robustness analysis can be obtained from interface matrices, boundary diagrams, and  parameter diagrams. Failures are often found from external noise factors and from shared interfaces with other parts and/or systems. Typically, a description of the system and its function is developed, considering both intentional and unintentional uses. A block diagram of the system is often created for inclusion with the FMEA, giving an overview of the major components or process steps and how they are related. These are called logical relations around which the FMEA can be developed. The primary FME document or worksheet lists all of the items or functions of the system in a logical manner, typically based on the block diagram. NOTE: Above shown example format is not in line with mil. td 1629 or Civil Aerospace practise. The basic terms as given in first paragraph of this page are not available in this template! Step 1: Occurrence In this step it is necessary to look at the cause of a failure mode and the number of times it occurs. This can be done by looking at similar products or processes and the failure modes that have been documented for them in the past. A failure cause is looked upon as a design weaknes s. All the potential causes for a failure mode should be identified and documented. Again this should be in technical terms. Examples of causes are: erroneous algorithms, excessive voltage or improper operating conditions. A failure mode is given an  occurrence ranking (O), again 1–10. Actions need to be determined if the occurrence is high (meaning   4 for non-safety failure modes and   1 when the severity-number from step 2 is 9 or 10). This step is called the detailed development section of the FMEA process. Occurrence also can be defined as  %. If a non-safety issue happened less than  1%, we can give 1 to it. It is based on your product and customer specification. Rating |Meaning | |1 |No known occurrences on similar products or processes | |2/3 |Low (relatively few failures) | |4/5/6 |Moderate (occasional failures) | |7/8 |High (repeated failures) | |9/10 |Very high (failure is almost inevitable) | Step 2: Severity Determine all failure modes based on the functional requirements and their effects. Examples of failure modes are: Electrical short-circuiting, corrosion or deformation. A failure mode in one component can lead to a failure mode in another component, therefore each failure mode should be listed in technical terms and for function. Hereafter the ultimate effect of each failure mode needs to be considered. A failure effect is defined as the result of a failure mode on the function of the system as perceived by the user. In this way it is convenient to write these effects down in terms of what the user might see or experience. Examples of failure effects are: degraded performance, noise or even injury to a user. Each effect is given a severity number (S)  from 1 (no danger) to 10 (critical). These numbers help an engineer to prioritize the failure modes and their effects. If the sensitivity of an effect has a number 9 or 10, actions are considered to change the design by eliminating the failure mode, if possible, or protecting the user from the effect. A severity rating of 9 or 10 is generally reserved for those effects which would cause injury to a user or otherwise result in litigation. Rating |Meaning | |1 |No effect | |2 |Very minor (only noticed by discriminating customers) | |3 |Minor (affects very little of the system, noticed by average customer) | |4/5/6 |Moderate (most customers are annoyed) | |7/8 |High (causes a loss of primary function; customers are issatisfied) | |9/10 |Very high and hazardous (product becomes inoperative; customers angered; the failure may result unsafe operation and | | |possible injury) | Step 3: Detection When appropriate actions are determined, it is necessary to test their efficiency. In addition, design verification is needed. The proper inspection methods need to be chosen. First, an engineer should look at the current controls of the system that prevent failure modes from occurring or which detect the failure before it reaches the customer. Hereafter one should identify testing, analysis, monitoring and other techniques that can be or have been used on similar systems to detect failures. From these controls an engineer can learn how likely it is for a failure to be identified or detected. Each combination from the previous 2 steps receives a  detection number (D). This ranks the ability of planned tests and inspections to remove defects or detect failure modes in time. The assigned detection number measures the risk that the failure will  escape detection. A high detection number indicates that the chances are high that the failure will escape detection, or in other words, that the chances of detection are low. Rating |Meaning | |1 |Certain fault will be caught on test | |2 |Almost Certain | |3 |High | |4/5/6 |Moderate | |7/8 |Low | |9/10 |Fault will be passed to customer undetected | After these three basic steps, risk priority numbers (RPN) are calculated Risk priority number (RPN) RPN play an important part i n the choice of an action against failure modes. They are threshold values in the evaluation of these actions. After ranking the severity, occurrence and detect ability the RPN can be easily calculated by multiplying these three numbers: RPN  =  S  ? O  ? D This has to be done for the entire process and/or design. Once this is done it is easy to determine the areas of greatest concern. The failure modes that have the highest RPN should be given the highest priority for corrective action. This means it is not always the failure modes with the highest severity numbers that should be treated first. There could be less severe failures, but which occur more often and are less detectable. After these values are allocated, recommended actions with targets, responsibility and dates of implementation are noted. These actions can include specific inspection, testing or quality procedures, redesign (such as selection of new components), adding more redundancy and limiting environmental stresses or operating range. Once the actions have been implemented in the design/process, the new RPN should be checked, to confirm the improvements. These tests are often put in graphs, for easy visualization. Whenever a design or a process changes, an FMEA should be updated. A few logical but important thoughts come in mind: ? Try to eliminate the failure mode (some failures are more preventable than others) ? Minimize the severity of the failure ? Reduce the occurrence of the failure mode ? Improve the detection 5. Methodology A brief outline of the methodology adopted in the project is given below: 1. Understand the current market and business scenario a. Gather historical data from the system to analyze market condition b. Analyze trends and patterns in the sales figures c. Study the current business processes and map the material and information flow 2. Ascertain the service level that the system currently operates at a. Gather data for a specified period b. Ascertain the service level for that period subjected to constraints c. Interpret the data to assess system capability 3. Identify and define the issues a. Identify the principal issues currently affecting service levels b. Use Lean Six Sigma Methodologies to structure the analysis process 4. Propose a Process improvement plan that addresses the need of the system a. Structure all the issues in the current system systematically b. Propose solutions which can positively affect the major issues c. Propose solutions for current service level improvement and long term improvement of business capabilities 5. Propose metrics to effectively control the process once implemented a. Propose metrics that can capture the effectiveness of the system in place 5. 1: Understand the current market and business scenario 5. 1. 1: Market Scenario: Brandwise sales for FY11-12 85% of sales contributed by LP, VH 62% of LP sales contributed by December sales 31% of overall sales in December [pic] Overall Sales volume for FY ‘11-‘12 Business runs on relationship based contacts. A client can take away a number of his contacts from a business. Period for gifting by companies: April ( June Companies want products by March So ideally order should be placed by November/December Educating customers about the functioning of the business is important to obtain feasible targets Customers generally specify the brand, but may also sometimes specify the colour to coordinate with an event A serviced customer will not look for an alternate source for subsequent orders A customer may order goods for gifting or internal use Price sensitive customers Currently Pharmaceutical is the major player, but new avenues can be explored (Essar Steel uniform order) Pharmaceutical companies generally demand a turnaround of 30 days Pharmaceutical sector generally not affected by downturns Delivery in correct time and correct order quantity If delivery is correct then a premium price may be charged Priority of delivery is low in this channel, the priority should be highest Customers may reject the order if delivery is delayed for a day. Events. Priority is low as the volume of business is low in comparison with overall business volume If service level is high then company bargaining power will also be high Market is susceptible to economic downturns (no order from IT firms for the past 3 yrs) Agents display a variety of goods to the customer. May sell a rival brand or a different product. Forecasting is difficult as a company may choose to give a different gift the next year Satisfied customers does not ensure return customer but provides base for word of mouth marketing Leverage on the firms brand names High profit business where the discount depends on the volume of products ordered. No returned goods. Dealings are made with top management, so client facing operations should be capably handled Customer |Sum of Quantity |Sum of Gross | | | |Total | |Mankind pharma ltd |107500 |55623750 | |Madhuram apparels |14019 |11155274 | |Lupin limited |10460 |9936990 | |Addon holding pvt ltd. |12781 |8356870 | |Supra garments pvt limited |9098 |7067832 | |Padma international corporation |10188 |6298490 | |Unichem laboratories ltd |6555 |5004589. 37 | |Biocon limited |4980 |3650530 | |M/S. Glaxo smithline ltd |3424 |3589379 | |Clairemont enterprises |8138 |3544110 | |Emcure pharmaceuticals limited |5395 |3426004 | |IPCA laboratories limited |3284 |2891923 | |Saffron enterprises (p) ltd. |4118 |2855504 | |Geno pharmaceuticals ltd |4200 |2520000 | |Government of India |3000 |1875000 | |Society of Petroleum Geophysicists |2028 |1817540 | |Pidilite industries ltd |2500 |1650206. 25 | 53 customers were serviced where ordered quantity was over 100 9 orders were serviced where the ordered quantity was more than 5000 17 orders were worth more than Rs 10,00,000 The revenue generated from these orders contribute to 88% of the overall revenue Orders exceeding 5000 contributed to 74% of overall revenue Revenue per unit from large orders generally lesser than that from medium/small orders 5. 1. 2: Agent Performance: Agentwise breakup of sales amount Proportion of sales made through agents as opposed to directly 5. 1. 3: Business processes: [pic] Current scenario of sourcing op tions: Sourcing not dependent on Core or Fashion, depends on how Core is defined Mills are large entities and Madura cannot consume their entire produce Sourcing time depends on overall demand for a fabric in the market Sourcing strategy dependant on individual Style Codes For a style code with constant Y-o-Y demand an buffer inventory of 1000 mts is maintained at either factory RM level or supplier level A fabric from the current season, brand checks whether they can sell the product at the full priced market , then they service the institutionalized sales customers No separate sourcing strategy for institutional channel Sourcing strategy fixed at the start of the season Products manufactured against fixed orders Fabric sourced to meet only the fixed demand Excess fabric stock due to customers cancelling orders ARS (Automated Replenishment System) not affecting sourcing Sourcing for one style code done only once Sourcing is done according to the preplanned production sc hedule Fabric is not allocated to any channel, the FG is allocated to a specific channel If fabric is not sold off to the specific channel then the stock is offered to the same/ different channel the next season Once the plan for the season has been made the plan is not subjected to any major change 5. 1. 4: Key Points: Plant Capacity: Plant capacity is allocated to various brands depending on their orders from trade shows/forecasts The allocated plant capacity is fixed for a year and is reviewed at the beginning of the season Excess fabric stock from previous season piled-up at factory (inventory build-up) Production Planning: No separate capacity is present to cater to institutional sales Brands utilize excess capacity or reschedule work orders to cater to Institutional customers Service level dependent on demand from other traditional channels Institutional Orders: Factory receives direct enquiry from the Institutional Sales team Factory check reserve stock and ready so urcing options for fabric and trims (lower lead time to source trims than brands) Schedule production plan according to excess capacity available i. e unutilized by the brands 5. 2: Ascertain the current service level of the system Data Collection: Data collected from mail records from Jan ( Mar 2012 Enquiries for less than 100 units neglected Orders divided into separate groups depending on ordered volume Overall service levels for the period is at 35% Current process can service only about 16% of the total volume of demand None of the 10000+ orders have been serviced Service level for orders between 2000-10000 is the highest Excluding the very large orders, the company serviced 40% of the total volume of demand |Row Labels |Accepted |Despatched |Enquiry |Rejected |Grand Total |Service Level | |500-2000 |7 |5 |1 |21 |34 |0. 6 | |2000-10000 |2 |4 |2 |5 |13 |0. 55 | |10000+ | | |2 |4 |6 |0 | |Grand Total |10 |15 |5 |47 |77 |0. 35 | |100-500 |225 |1725 | |3380 |5330 |0. 37 | | 500-2000 |5240 |4050 |1000 |18400 |28690 |0. 34 | |2000-10000 |14380 |11500 |9500 |33500 |68880 |0. 4 | |10000+ | | |51000 |144000 |195000 |0 | |Grand Total |19845 |17533 | |High Turnaround Time |Fabric catalogue not provided for IS |567 | |High Turnaround Time |Information is decentralized |567 | |Unavailable fabric |Low clarity regarding reserve stock level |441 | |Unavailable fabric |Sourcing not done for Institutional Channel |441 | |High Turnaround Time |Low clarity regarding reserve stock level |441 | |Low Priority of Institutional sales |Volume of business w. r. overall business |441 | |Unavailable fabric |Volume orders |405 | |Unavailable capacity |No separate plant capacity for Institutional customers |245 | |Low Profitability |Discount margin offered |245 | |High Turnaround Time |Response time to get back on a query |245 | |Unavailable capacity |Volume orders |189 | |Unavailable capacity |Current utilization of factory for retail channels |175 | |Delayed Delivery |No sepa rate plant capacity for Institutional customers |175 | |Low Profitability |Price sensitive customers |147 | |Delayed Delivery |Current utilization of factory for retail channels |125 | |Low Priority of Institutional sales |Price sensitive customers |105 | |Competitor Action |NOS range not always available |105 | |Competitor Action |Agents working for multiple companies |45 | 5. 3. 4: Principal Issues: Fabric Stock: Fabric catalogue is not provided for IS leading to lack of clarity for agents and IS team Reserve fabric stock at factory level is not visible to IS team Sourcing for fabric is not done for Institutional customers Process: Priority for Institutional orders are low Information is decentralized leading to a high turnaround time Bulk orders from Institutional customers leading to shortage of available capacity Slack information flow between brand and factory leading to delayed production Planning: Lack of planning and subsequent strategizing for achieving targets Pro blems with forecasting the sales of this channel Manufacturing for orders are done on an ad-hoc basis 5. 4: Process Improvement Plan The proposed solution has been broadly divided into short term actions and long term actions: Short term actions: a. Channel potential Dispel value chain image Communicate benefits of the channel Change accounting standards for brands for catering to IS b. Fabric stock visibility Catalogue of reserve stock in factory Swatch set, inventory record of current stock made visible to IS team c. Process capability Sourcing done on a limited scale by the IS team Book order for a limited quantity of core range during trade show Plant capacity set up to cater to Institutional customers exclusively Long term plans: Revamp Order Interface Integrate sourcing solutions Create and maintain a database of mills Create an online portal for centralized information storage from the brand, factory and IS team Formulate ramp-up strategy Target a service level of 100% for orders within 5000 Process should be capable of handling 5000+ orders with a lead time of 45 days Target new segments to increase business volume Create a low price point brand, Byford, to cater to demand for price sensitive customers 5. 4. 1: Short term changes: Channel Potential: Apprehension of brands regarding profitability and quality of products offered Demand from this channel is an additional demand (basic difference from value channel) Quality assurance according to brand standards Adhering to predetermined discount slabs (PC:MRP ratio) Potential to facilitate fabric stock liquidation (AS has already prepared swatch set) Process Capability: NOS stock not always available leading to business loss in Core range IS team should form some sourcing capabilities by using the standard mills IS team can also book a certain range of core products during trade shows (brands currently identify 5 styles that will sell in IS) Separate plant capacity based on past y ear minimum demand per month for the past year Fabric stock visibility: Swatch set of reserve fabric stock to be made and sent to the IS team A basic database of current stock from traditional channel that the brand can offer for IS Information clarity between the stake holders for fabric stock to be centralized Key Changes: Central repository of information regarding reserve stock from factory and excess fabric stock from all national mills adhering to quality standards Repository periodically updated for fabric from current stock (dropped order) that can be offered to Institutional customers Agents have an upstream visibility regarding fabric on offer, therefore enabling queries to be addressed on first contact IS team and agent have stock visibility to reply to queries better, shortening the order capture time IS team itself explores sourcing options if fabric not present with brand Interaction with brand minimized regarding the fabric stock information Interactions betwe en contact points in the whole process flow reduced Non-Availability of capacity: Plant capacity not allocated to Institutional sales Delay in order delivery due to lack of capacity Separate line to cater to IS specially during peak season (Aug/Sept) Line can be used for traditional channel in case capacity unutilized Factory to have the capability to manufacture 7000 units for IS per month 5. 4. 2: Long term plans: Strategic goals: Target a service level of 100% for orders within 5000 units Aim to serve 12 very large orders (revenue over Rs. 50,00,000 every fiscal year) Service an order with volumes larger than 5000 in 45 days lead time (considering fabric sourcing is required) Expansion: Pharmaceutical sector contributes to 90% of the current business Decrease dependency on one sector by exploring new avenues Actively ask agents to promote business to new customers and provide incentive if a new sector is breached (volume orders) Brand development: Byford currently cate rs to Institutional customers Make Byford capable of servicing parallel industries like uniform orders, that are not being serviced by LBRDs Byford can service internal requirement for manufacturing industries that cannot be serviced because of price point issues (accept orders only beyond a certain volume) Key Changes: Interface is created to capture the entire information in an accessible format Interface provides information about style code, fabric properties, swatch, quantity available, estimated manufacturing capacity and price of product Processes typically addressed after an enquiry is expedited to be processed beforehand Customer driven ordering system which minimizes the unstructured interaction between the various stakeholders Customer has ready information regarding the quantity available, fabric availability and tentative delivery dates Price, fabric and plant capacity issues are dealt with in a structured manner to avoid unnecessary delays n the system Informati on is centralized successfully and the interface can be further utilized by other channels (e. g: a Trade customer wants to order a Core range) 5. 5: Process Control Auditing Measures: Brands feel it is not profitable to sell to Institutional channel because of the 67. 3% transfer price between MFL MGLRCL Monthly targets are affected as brands service IS orders Separate auditing for sales made through Institutional channels Process Capability: Measure of defects in delivery (quantity quality) for orders accepted Measure to be Defects Per Hundred Opportunities Service level: the number of accepted enquiries Process Dashboard: a. Historical: Data for the past quarter Revenue Selling price CBA Orders accepted Orders served Monthly plant utilization b. Exceptions: Data outliers in business process Largest enquiry by volume Largest order accepted Longest delay c. Current status: Enquiries under process Enquiries potentially worth over Rs 10,00,000 Actual sales vs target sales d. Future: Current orders under process Utilization of plant capacity by IS Scheduled vs expected delivery dates 7. References: Toyota Kata: Managing People for Improvement, Adaptiveness and Superior Results by Mike Rother The Toyota Way by Jeffey Liker